broj: 5-6/2010
pdf (8,5 MB) |
|
||||||||||||||
| RIJEČ GLAVNOGA UREDNIKA | ||
| Branimir Prpić | UDK002090 | |
| ON THE 114th ELECTORAL MEETING OF THE CROATIAN FORESTRYASSOCIATION pdf HR | 209 | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Vukelić,J., A.Alegro, V.Šegota | UDK 630* 188 (001) | |
| Altimontane-Subalpine Spruce Forest with Laserpitium Krapfii (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietisass. nova)in Northern Velebit (Croatia) pdf HR EN | 211 | |
| Summary: This research describes a new association of spruce with Laserpitium krapfii(Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietisass. nova). Occurring in the subalpine belt of northern Velebit, it reaches altitudes between 1,200 and 1,600 m. Here, the association is developed as a permanent stage under the strong influence of the microclimate of more humid, colder and shadier sites. Locally, it descends into sinkholes and lower slopes all the way to the beech-fir forest (Omphalodo-Fagetum). It is generally incorporated within the belt of pre-alpine beech forest with large white buttercup (Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum). Some stands are highly productive, but in a large part of the range the community has a protective character. The phytocoenosisLaserpitio krapfii-Piceetumhas macro-climatic features of the prealpine beech forest, in whose belt it is situated. However, its occurrence is predominantly determined by the microclimate modified primarily by the relief, altitude and other geomorphological factors (Cindrić 1973). The average annual temperature of the subalpine belt of northern Velebit is 3.5 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 1,898 mm (in the period 1961–1990, data from the State Hydro-Meteorological Institute). The parent material is made up of limestone breccias and limestone-dolomite blocks which often resurface. The soil is organogenic and organomineral calcomelanosol in mosaic with calcocambisol. In relation to calcomelanosols of other forest communities in the Zavižan area, calcomelanosols in this community are the richest in total nitrogen and humus content. Martinović (in Cestar et. al. 1977) found neutral reaction and base saturated adsorption complex in the humus-accumulative horizon and in the cambic horizon in calcomelanosols. He attributes his finding to the fragmented dolomitized limestones and breccias which supply the soils with ample quantities of calcium. It is very important to point this out, because in relation to other spruce associations, the studied Velebit community is significantly richer in species of the order Fagetalia. The average soil pH determined in water for the depth layer of 0–5 cm amounts to 5.50. Table 1 presents 12 phytocoenological relevés of the association Laserpitiokrapfii-Piccetumwith 140 species of higher plants and 25 moss species. Of this, 58 species of higher plants and 6 species of moss occur in more than 40 % of the relevés. Spruce is completely prevalent in the tree layer and is frequently accompanied by beech (often deformed and of poor vitality) and mountain ash, while the bottom of the sinkholes and the lower positions are reserved for fir. The shrub layer, in addition to the species from the tree layer, contains another 16 species. The dominant species includeRubus idaeus,Vaccinium myrtillusand Rosa pendulina. Rubus saxatilisis dominant in more stony areas and Daphne mezereum in more temperate areas. The ground vegetation contains 119 species, of which 48 participate with the 3rddegree and more. Of 25 moss species, Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum formosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Tortella tortuosa and Isothecium alopecuroides occur in over 40 % of the plots. From the sociological standpoint, the dominant species are so-called “picetal” ones, characteristic of spruce forests in the larger part of Europe. Among them, Polystichum lonchitis, Luzula sylvatica, Veronica urticifolia, Valeriana tripteris, Adenostyles alpina, Hieracium murorum, Oxalis acetosella,Homogyne sylvestris,Gentiana asclepiadeaand others have the highest participation. Together with mosses, there are 36 species in all. Other significantly represented higher categories and lower units include as many as 39 species of the order FagetaliaPawl. 1928 (22 species with over 40 %). The allianceAdenostylionBr.-Bl. 1925 and the order AdenostyletaliaG & J. Br.-Bl. 1931 are represented with 20 species, of which 9 with over 40 %. In terms of participation, species of the order Erico-PinetaliaHorvat 1959,Cirsium erisithalesandCalamagrostis variaare very important. Other categories contain 69 plant and moss species, of which 13 occur in over 40 % of the relevés. The speciesLaserpitiumkrapfii and Campanula velebitica are characteristic of the association,Knautia drymeia,Petasites albus,Mycelis muralisand Mercurialis perennisfrom the Fagetaliaorder are differentiating species, whereas Hypericum richerisubsp.grisebachii,Valeriana montana,Geranium sylvaticumandTrollius europaeushave prominent diagnostic importance. The association belongs to the suballianceVaccinio-PiceenionOberdorfer 1957, although the participation of elements of the suballiance Abieti-PiceenionBr.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 is somewhat higher. However, the synecology of the subalpine belt, the complete dominance of spruce and the secondary role of fir, as well as the presence of species of the subalpine belt, firmly indicate the suballianceVaccinio-Piceenion. The abundance of differentiating species of subalpine in relation to montane spruce forests include Valeriana montana, Rubus saxatilis, Cirsium erisithales, Viola biflora, Polystichum lonchitis, Trollius europaeus, and slightly lessSaxifraga rotundifolia. According to the Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000), relevé No. 5 in the fifth column of Table 1 is the nomenclatural type. Table II analyzes the relationship of the association towards related spruce subalpine associations in Croatia and in adjacent areas, ranging from the pre-alpine region to the central Dinaric range. Column 1 contains an important zonal association of the pre-alpine and alpine phytogeographic area of Slovenia and south Austria (Adenostylo glabrae-PiceetumM. Wraber ex Zukrigl 1973 corr. Zupančič 1999), while column 2 presents the community from the subalpine belt of the Dinaric phytogeographic area of Slovenia on carbonate parent material (Lonicero caeruleae-PiceetumZupančič (1976)1999). Columns 3 and 4 present Horvat’s association ”Picetum subalpinum croaticum”, mainly from western Croatia. Column 5 shows 6 relevés of the association “Calamagrostio variae-Piceetum” (nom. invalid) from northern Velebit (Bertović, 1975), and column 6 presents 12 new relevés of the association Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum. Columns 7–9 feature subalpine spruce forests of Bosnia and Herzegovina, two of which /column 7,Sorbo-PiceetumFukarek 1964, column 8 Piceetum(illyricum)subalpinumHorvat 1950listeretosumethomogynetosumFukarek 1969/ were taken from Zupančič’s analysis (1990). Column 9 provides seven relevés from Vlašić (Lakušić et al. 1982). The floral composition of spruce forests in Velebit, in relation to other Dinaric spruce communities, is characterized by lesser participation and cover of Alpine-boreal species (Lonicera nigra,Lycopodium annotinum,Huperziaselago, Listera cordata, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Rhytiadelphus loreus) and higher participation and cover of the species from the Fagetalia order and lower units. This is attributed to several reasons, such as the biogeographic position of Velebit and the resulting ecological factors, the lithological-pedological properties of the substrate and the influence of a strong beech belt which surrounds smaller complexes (and fragments) of coniferous forests. West Croatian and particularly Slovenian spruce forests are under a strong Alpine influence, while Bosnian-Herzegovinian spruce forests have retreated deep into the continental part. It is therefore logical that the association Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetummanifests a more “fagetal” character and that its composition contains species of beech forests that are either absent from other spruce associations or are much less represented. Compared to the subalpine spruce forest “Calamagrostio-Piceetum” described earlier, the new association occurs at lower positions and covers more humid, colder, shadier, much less stony and soil-rich sites. Locally, it descends into sinkholes and lower slopes to the altitude of 1,100 m. Fir is still considerably present, but the other mentioned association is above the upper fir boundary. Typologically, the association Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetumcan provisionally be divided into three types of stands. Stands with a standard composition are found on upper and centrally positioned, shady, moderately fresh slopes with an average floral composition. They frequently contain equal amounts of species from the order Fagetalia. The second type occurs on drier, more illuminated, more exposed localities that also include meadow edges (most frequently Nardetum strictae), while the third type of stands is developed in narrow and restricted sinkholes and on the slopes leading to them. Species of the order Adenostyletaliadominate on colluvial soils with more moisture and longer presence of snow. Cicerbita alpina,Ranunculus platanifolius,Stellarianemorum,Poa hybridaand some others are particularly prominent. In some earlier research into spruce forests of northern Velebit (Vukelić and Tomljanović 1990), this stand type was identified as an independent associationAdenostylo alliariae-PiceetumHartman 1994. | ||
| Pernar,N., D. Bakšić, I. Perković, D. Holjević | UDK 630* 116.2 + 114.7 (001) | |
| Impact of Eroded Terrain Recovery on Soil Proporties on Flysch – Case Studies of Abrami and Butoniga in Istria pdf HR EN | 229 | |
| Pentek,T., H. Nevečerel, K. Dasović,T. Poršinsky, M. Šušnjar, I. Potočnik | UDK 630* 307 + 383 + 377 (001) | |
| Analysis of Secondary Relative Openness in HillyAreas as a Basis for Selection of Winch Rope Length pdf HR EN | 241 | |
| Klobučar, Damir | UDK 630* 629 (001) | |
| Using Geostatistics in Forest Management pdf HR EN | 249 | |
| Redžić,S., S. Barudanović | UDK 630* 189 (001) | |
| Obrasci bioraznolikosti šumske vegetacije Crvanj planine u Hercegovini (zapadni Balkan) pdf HR EN | 261 | |
| PREGLEDNI ČLANCI | ||
| Šporčić,M., M. Landekić, M. Lovrić, S. Bogdan, K. Šegotić | UDK 630* 624 + 568 | |
| Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Forestry – Methods and Experiences pdf HR EN | 275 | |
| Tomljanović,K., M. Grubešić, K. Krapinec | UDK 630* 156 | |
| Testing the Applicability of Digital Camera Sensor for Monitoring Wildlife and other Animal Species pdf HR EN | 287 | |
| KNJIGE I ČASOPISI | ||
| Idžojtić,M., M.Zebec, I.Poljak, J.Medak, B.Tutić | ||
| Following Chestnut Footprints(Castanea spp.) – Cultivation and Culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses PDF | 294 | |