broj: 3-4/1997
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| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Klepac, D. | UDK 630* 902 : 945+946.001 (497.13) | |
| Croatian Forestry in the Second Half of 19th Century pdf HR EN | 115 | |
| Trinajstić, I., Kamenjarin, J. | UDK 630* 188.001(497.13) | |
| Plantsociological analyses of holm oak - Quercus ilex L. Forests on Kozjak near Split (Croatia) pdf HR EN | 127 | |
| Bertović, S., Generalović, M., Karavla, J., Martinović, J. | UDK 630* 279.001 (497.13) | |
| Rijeka Parks and Nature Areas pdf HR EN | 133 | |
| STRUČNI ČLANCI | ||
| Böhm, D. | UDK 630* 279 : 907.1 (497.13) | |
| Current Issues on the Protection and Preservation of the Plitvice Lakes National Park pdf HR EN | 161 | |
| Summary: Former director of the Plitvice national Park gives an introductory word on the development, protection and tourism industry in the time since the proclamation of the Park in 1949. Like most Croatian national parks, Plitvice Lakes are situated in an economically undeveloped area. Consequently, the then communist government made efforts to use this unique scenery as a midpoint of a large-scale economic development connecting the continental and Adriatic Croatia. Within the clash of two different concepts, the environmental-ecological and tourism-utilitarian, the latter prevailed with full government support. Disregarding the basic natural phenomena and the susceptible structure, first hotels with corresponding infrastructure appeared within the vulnerable zone of the Park. At the same time, government improved the communication between Karlovac and the Adriatic coast with roads running right through the Park´s heart. Soon after appeared the first consequences of the overwhelming motor traf fic in all forms of damage - noise and waste products including lead, nitrogen ox ides, rubber dust and motor oil. After twelve long years, the traffic was partly transferred to alternative routes. Originally organized as a republic institution, following the introduction of the self-management system, the Park´s management soon lost the central government support. The by then valid and implemented statute on interior organization regulating alUactivities going on in the Park was canceled, and the district authorities practically governed the Park according to the general laws and regulations. The damaging effects of such organization followed soon after. The Hotel company became an equal partner with the Park management, the latter being just the formal manager of the area handling the problems of the poor drainage system and the forceful and hardly controlled building on attractive though susceptible locations. The 1970 decision on integration of the Park management with the Hotel company opposed law and constitution. Now just another activity of the integrated company, nature protection thus lost its authoritative function. The new company acquired the name "Nacionalnipark", a unique example worldwide, that a hotel company offered its guests, besides other facilities, its own national park. Freed from all limitations, the company made efforts to increase the revenues. In the years before the aggression and war against Croatia, the visitors rose to 900,000 in a year. This multitude mainly dwelt on 200 hectares of the attractive lake and waterfall zone. The drainage problems became more obvious. The initial primitive disposal of waste waters endangered lake Kozjak and the group of lower lakes. In the seventies, the building of partial pipeline began, though without cleaning system, immediately endangering the survival of the lower lakes due to frequent interruptions of pump work. However, the damaging effects remained unnoticed. The consequences of this irresponsibility are today clearly visible in eutrophication and swamping of the lake Kozjak and the lower lakes. Begun in the eighties, the third complete drainage system has remained unfinished and out of work until the present day. The steady fertilization of the lake water leads to eutrophication of the natural oligotrophic lakes, endangering the basic biodynamic growth of travertine barriers, waterfalls and other formations. The second article deals with the basic regressive phenomena in the National park aquatorium. The deforestation over large areas has caused land erosion. Normally a natural process, land erosion has been accelerated by man, and large areas have been filled up with eroded material. Another undesired and dangerous regressive process is caused by large quantities of beech and maple leaves brought by wind and surface water. In the thousands of years of its creation, the lake system has not witnessed such enormous input of organic waste from forests, because the lake and stream zone had been protected by the thick belt of fir and spruce forests, a barrier against the leaves from the higher beech habitats. Fir and spruce settled on the lowest and coldest locations around the waters. The upper lakes are the brilliant illustration of the vegetation turn due to temperature inversion. These had been the relations thousands of years ago, before the first settlements in the 16th and 17 th centuries, when man started to cut conifers for building purposes. Uncontrolled felling with countless sawmills disturbed the natural state and structure of the forests, replacing conifers by beech and maple on the reclaimed soil. The gradual and long eutrophication of the Upper lakes began through the leaves decomposition that set loose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. The conclusion contains the suggestions for improvements of the disturbed environment of the National park. Besides the measures brought in 1994 by the Park´s management in exile, including the urgent transfer of the hotel facilities and other residential objects to locations outside the park, wattle fencing should be immediately put around the waterways and lakes to prevent leaves from entering the water and the planting of fir and spruce seed. Besides these measures, the lakes should be dredged in many critical places by powerful refill systems to remove the debris and large layers of leaves. The protection against sewage water and leaves would decrease the pressure of nutrients in the aquatorium, while the dredging would deepen and fill up the locations down to the depth where swamp vegetation would not be able to settle. With other suggested measures, a new silviculturalplan should be made in accordance with the ecological principles. The protection of forests, forestlands, waters and grassland should be based on a risk-erosion study by one of the acknowledged methods (e.g. Coen-Holland). The Plitvice lakes should in future be used as a cultural, scientific and educational object of the world heritage. Any forms of exploitation should be eliminated - hotel industry, forest exploitation, and water-supply necessities. Supported by government, home and foreign institutions in a long-term process, this improvement operation will have a real chance to succeed. | ||
| Jurković, M. | UDK 630* 279. (497.13) | |
| The Botanical Garden of the School in Kaštel-Lukšić pdf HR EN | 171 | |
| Ivan Maričević | UDK 630* : 013* (497.13) | |
| Index of Authors and Content Structure of Šumarski list 1976 - 1995 PDF | 179 | |