broj: 11-12/2012
pdf (4,44 MB) |
|
||||||||||||||
| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo | ||
| AT THE END OF THE YEAR pdf HR EN | 557 | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Jozo FRANJIĆ, Željko ŠKVORC, Daniel KRSTONOŠIĆ, Krunoslav SEVER, Ivana ALEŠKOVIĆ | UDK 630*165+187 (001) | |
| VEGETATION FEATURES OF LITTORAL BEECH FORESTS (Seslerio autumnali-Fagetum M. Wraber ex Borhidi 1963) AND PREMONTANE BEECH FORESTS (Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marinček et al. 1993) IN THE AREA OF UČKA NATURE PARK pdf HR EN | 559 | |
| Summary: The area of Učka Nature Park is comprised of the Učka massif and part of Ćićarija and is characterized by its specific position on the border of Continental and Mediterranean climatic influence. Such position is resulting in high richness and diversity of plant species and communities. One of the fundamental characteristics of this area are beech forests which can be classified as continental plant communities, but as a result of such specific position they are also characterized by many submediterranean elements. A total of 114 relevés were made during the field research and description of habitats was done including geographical coordinates, slope estimation, aspect and vegetation layers cover. Numerical analyses of floristic composition were conducted using software packages SYN-TAX 2000 and PC-ORD. To determine vegetation types and their syntaxonomic status, relevés from Učka were compared to corresponding relevés of beech forests of Aremonio-Fagion from the surrounding area of Croatia and Slovenia. In total, 1353 relevés were analysed. Out of those relevés, 982 were from the Slovenian database of relevés, 184 from the Croatian database of relevés of forest vegetation, 71 were personal unpublished relevés form the area of Lika and Gorski kotar and, finally, 114 relevés were from the area of Učka Nature Park. Ordination analysis was conducted with the programme package CANOCO 4.5. For the description of ecological conditions we used ecological indicator values (EIV) according to the Pignatti. Descriptive statistics was calculated for environmental variables using software STATISTICA. During the phytosociological survey we recorded 203 species of vascular plants. After the classification of relevés, as well as the camparison with the relevés of corresponding vegetation types in the area of south Slovenia, Gorski kotar and Lika, we established that in the area of Učka Nature Park the following plant associations of beech forests occure: Seslerio autumnali-Fagetum M. Wraber ex Borhidi 1963, Seslerio autumnali-Fagetum allietosum ursinii subass. nova hoc loco, Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marinček et al. 1993. Seslerio autumnali-Fagetum is widely distributed across investigated area and forms a continuous vegetation belt from 800 to 1150 m. Here it occurs on all aspects and slopes. On lower altitudes (700–800 m) it occurs in separate stands on mesophilous habitats (ditches, karst depressions) surrounded by vegetation of Ostryo-Carpinion. Moreover, it is present in separate stands on altitudes up to 1350 m, on thermophilous habitats within ass. Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum. They are typical stands of this association characterized by a large number of thermophilic species (Sesleria autumnalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Sorbus aria, Acer obtusatum, Cornus mas etc.) but still with significant number of mesophilic species of beech forests such as – Acer pseudoplatanus, Daphne mezereum, Corylus avellana, Lonicera xylosteum, Cardamine enneaphyllos, C. bulbifera, Aremonia agriomonoides, Anemone nemorosa, Euphorbia amygdaloides (Trinajstić 1996, 2008; Vukelić et al. 2008). As opposed to stands of this association on other areas (Trinajstić 1996; Dakskobler 1990, 1996, 1997), stands from the investigated area are characterized by smaller number of species (26,1 on average). The primary reason for this is great abundance of Sesleria autumnalis which prevents the growth of other species. Furthermore forests of Učka and Ćićarija occure in a broad and continuous complex and the influence of neighboring vegetation types is weaker. On other areas this plant community often occurs in a narrow zone or is intermittent by other vegetation types, therefore species from neighbouring vegetation types to some extent enter in its floristic composition (Vukelić et al. 2008). Some relevés of this association have significantly higher number and abundancy of thermophilic species such as Ostrya carpinifolia, Acer obtusatum, Sorbus aria, Tanacetum corymbosum, etc. These stands usually occure on lower altitudes, they have more open tree layer cover with higher average EIV values for temperature, light and soil reaction. They have developed due succession of ass. Seslerio-Ostryetum. It is a secondary association which has occupied large areas in the past. In the last decades on the area of Istria there have been great changes in management practices (absence of pasture and mowing) and different migration changes resulting in the secondary succession towards Seslerio-Fagetum or Ostryo-Quercetum pubescentis, depending on the habitat (Šugar 1992; Čarni 1999; Marinček and Čarni 2002; Trinajstić 2008). On such areas by termination of management activities tree layer cover gradually closes, which creates mesophilous conditions for occurrence of beech and progressively other mesophilous species of beech forests. In the southernmost part of the Učka Nature Park (locality Bukovo) on a very small area specific stands of beech forest are developed surrounded by the thermophilous vegetation of Ostryo-Carpinion. This is a ditch protected from the sea by high ridge. These beech stands are situated on altitudes from 500 m up to 720 m. According to average EIV values these are the warmest habitats of beech forests in the investigated area with high moisture and nutrient content. Such specific habitat features as well as proximity of Ostryo-Carpinion vegetation lead to interesting combination of thermophilous (Ostryo-Carpinion) and mesophilous (Lamio orvalae-Fagenion) species. As a result of all the above-mentioned, a new subassociation is described (Seslerio autumnali-Fagetum allietosum ursinii subass. nova hoc loco). It is characterized by presence and high coverage of mesophilous differential species – Allium ursinum, Daphne laureola, Corydalis cava, Ilex aquifolium and Leucojum vernum. Besides, it differs by high coverage of other mesophilous species such as – Lamium orvala, Erytronium dens-canis, Mercurialis perennis and others. Sesleria autumnalis as well as some other thermophilous species (Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Cornus mas and Acer obtusatum) acts as a connection towards the typical association. Ass. Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum is developed in the highest parts of the Park. On Vojak it forms more or less compact complex intermittent by patches of ass. Seslerio-Fagetum on thermophilous microlocalities, while on other sites it occurs in isolated stands with more humid and colder microclimate on higher altitudes within the ass. Seslerio-Fagetum (V. Planik, M. Planik). In general, this association occurs on the highest altitudes, largest terrain slopes and on the coldest habitats with high EIV values for humidity. Stands of the association on investigated area are very poor in their floristic composition (on average 18,2 species per relevé) in comparison to other areas where this association occurs. This can be explained by the fact that Učka is a mountain which rises directly from the sea and is subjected to influence of Mediterranean climate from almost all directions. Besides, mountain massif above 1100 m is very small and simply there is not enough space which could by its size support harsh climate conditions and longer snow maintenance and therefore creating by these means favourable conditions for growth of higher number of high-mountain species (Šugar 1970). Key words: Učka Nature park; beach forests; floristic composition; ecological factors; Istria; Croatia | ||
| Marilena IDŽOJTIĆ, Marko ZEBEC, Igor POLJAK, Zlatko ŠATOVIĆ, Zlatko LIBER | UDK 630*165 (Castanea sativa Mill.) (001) | |
| ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF "LOVRAN MARRON" (Castanea sativa Mill.) USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS pdf HR EN | 579 | |
| Dalibor BALLIAN, Faruk BOGUNIĆ, Osman MUJEZINOVIĆ, Davorin KAJBA | UDK 630*165 (Fagus sylvatica L.) (001) | |
| GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF EUROPEAN BEECH (Fagus sylvatica L.) IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA pdf HR EN | 589 | |
| PRETHODNO PRIOPĆENJE | ||
| Stefan WIRTH Milan PERNEK | UDK 630*443 | |
| FIRST RECORD OF THE MITE Histiostoma ulmi IN SILVER FIR AND INDICATION OF A POSSIBLE PHORETIC DISPERSAL BY THE LONGHORN BEETLE Acanthocinus reticulatus pdf HR EN | 599 | |
| STRUČNI ČLANCI | ||
| Damira TAFRA, Marija PANDŽA, Milenko MILOVIĆ | UDK 630*174 | |
| WOODY PLANTS OF THE OMIŠ pdf HR EN | 607 | |