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+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 + 2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 + 2024 1-2/2025 3-4/2025 5-6/2025 new HR EN |
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo HŠD | 113 | |
| Krčenje i obezvrjeđivanje šuma u Hrvatskoj vodi urušavanju potrajnosti šuma, njihovih općekorisnih funkcija i višenamjenske uloge |  
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| Prema važećem Zakonu o šumama, krčenje šuma je sječa svih ili gotovo svih stabala i/ili njegovih grmolikih oblika u šumi radi provedbe prostornih planova ili izgradnje šumske infrastrukture. Krčenje se može dozvoliti na način propisan Zakonom: u svrhu izgradnje šumske infrastrukture, ako se šuma ili šumsko zemljište radi interesa Republike Hrvatske trebaju privesti drugoj namjeni, ako to zahtijevaju interesi sigurnosti i obrane zemlje, u svrhu provedbe zahvata u prostoru sukladno aktima za provedbu prostornih planova i ako je to potrebno radi građenja građevina koje se prema prostornom planu odnosno posebnom propisu mogu graditi izvan građevinskog područja. Posljednjim izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o šumama iz ožujka 2024. pridodana je i mogućnost krčenja u svrhu očuvanja stanišnih tipova i staništa vrsta od interesa za Europsku uniju u degradiranim sastojinama gariga i šibljaka. Hrvatsko šumarsko društvo upozorilo je u javnoj raspravi i na sjednici Odbora za poljoprivredu Hrvatskog sabora na nelogičnost i opasnost takve odredbe. Garig i šibljak degradacijski su oblici nastali iz šuma koje su na tim staništima rasle u prošlosti. Oni su živi dokaz da je šuma izvorni oblik vegetacije na staništima gdje se nalaze. Njihovim krčenjem samo se povećavaju neobrasle površine šumskih zemljišta. Naša primjedba nije usvojena i tako smo došli do povijesnog apsurda. Prvi put u 260 godina dugoj povijesti hrvatskog šumarstva Zakon o šumama omogućuje krčenje degradacijskih oblika šuma, sprječava progresiju šuma i omogućuje stvaranje i održavanje goleti na šumskom zemljištu. Povijesnim apsurdima tu nije kraj jer se na to nadovezalo obezvrjeđivanje šuma. Resorno Ministarstvo je 2019. donijelo Odluku o smanjenju vrijednosti boda za određivanje naknade za pojedine uzgojne oblike sastojina (šuma). Odlukom je umanjena naknada za smanjene općekorisne funkcije šuma u postupku izdvajanja šuma i šumskih zemljišta u vlasništvu Republike Hrvatske iz šumskogospodarskog područja. Za šikare, šibljake, makije i garige vrijednost boda umanjena je za 90 %, za šumske kulture i plantaže vrijednost boda umanjena je za 50 %, a za sjemenjače na sredozemnom kršu i panjače vrijednost boda umanjena je za 30 %. Za sastojine (šume) visokog uzgojnog oblika odnosno za sjemenjače na kontinentalnom području vrijednost boda tada nije mijenjana. Konačno, u ožujku 2025., mjesecu kada obilježavamo Međunarodni dan šuma, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede je donijelo Pravilnik o dopuni pravilnika o utvrđivanju naknada za šumu i šumsko zemljište. Njegovom odredbom za 99 % umanjena je naknada u slučajevima darovanja nekretnina u korist jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave te u korist tijela državne uprave za izdvajanje iz šumskogospodarskog područja Republike Hrvatske. Odnosi se to na cjelokupnu naknadu koja se sastoji od dijela za šumu (drvnu zalihu), šumsko zemljište i za smanjenje općekorisnih funkcija šuma (OKFŠ). Time se legalizirala prenamjena šuma uz plaćanje samo 1 % ukupne naknade. Treba podsjetiti da je čitav koncept naknade za šumu, šumsko zemljište i za smanjenje OKFŠ bio osmišljen kako bi svi bili svjesni njihove velike vrijednosti, višenamjenske uloge i potrebe za nadoknadom izgubljene šumske površine. To se posebice odnosilo na degradirane šume koje nemaju vrijednu drvnu zalihu, ali zato dokazano imaju veliku općekorisnu vrijednost. Plaćenom naknadom država bi preko pravne osobe od posebnog interesa Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. trebala osnovati šumu na istoj ili novoj većoj površini i obnoviti šumu nakon požara kako bi se održalo temeljno načelo potrajnosti šuma. To se ovakvim pristupom i smanjenjem novčanih naknada praktički onemogućuje. Donošenjem odredbi kojima se proširuju mogućnosti krčenja i obezvrjeđivanja šuma neposredno se urušavaju načelo potrajnosti, općekorisne funkcije šuma i njihova višenamjenska uloga. Općekorisne funkcije šuma odražavaju se u zaštiti tla od erozije, bujica i poplava, reguliranju vodnog režima i hidroenergetskog sustava, poboljšanju plodnosti tla i poljoprivredne proizvodnje, pozitivnom utjecaju na klimu, zaštitu i unaprjeđenje čovjekove okoline, stvaranju kisika, pročišćavanju atmosfere, stvaranju ljupkog krajolika, posebnih uvjeta za odmor i rekreaciju, razvitku turizma i lovstva te očuvanju biološke raznolikosti i genofonda. Čini nam se da su šumari jedini toga svjesni. Uredništvo |
autori: Uredništvo HŠD | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Damir Drvodelić, Ela Španjol, Marko Vuković, Tomislav Jemrić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.1 |
115 |
| Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit morphology depending on fruit size |
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| The present study aims to investigate the effects of fruit size of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) on fruit and seed morphology. Medlar fruits were harvested from the crowns of ten trees near Đulovac, Croatia, in autumn 2022 and 2023 at commercial maturity. Before morphological analysis, the fruits were divided into three groups according to their weight: small (< 14g), medium-sized (14 – 17g) and large (> 17g). Fruit size, year and the interaction between the fruit size and year had a significant influence (P < 0.01) on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and fruit shape index. Fruit length and width showed a significant correlation with fruit weight in almost all cases, with the only exception of the medium-sized fruit in 2022 for fruit length. Fruit sphericity was positively correlated with fruit width and negatively correlated with fruit length and fruit shape index. The number of filled seeds per fruit correlated only slightly or not at all with fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape index and the geometric mean diameter of the fruit. The results of the discriminant analysis show that large fruits harvested in 2022 and 2023 can be clearly separated from other fruit categories, which can be attributed to effect of crop load on fruit morphology. It can be concluded that there is a high variability of medlar fruits even at a single location and thus that they have high breeding potential. Therefore, future studies analysing the entire area of the Republic of Croatia are needed. |
autori: Damir Drvodelić ŠL Ela Španjol Marko Vuković Tomislav Jemrić | |
| Peter Vindiš, Damijan Kelc, Peter Berk | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.2 |
127 |
| Detection of bark beetle infestations by drone and image analysis in spruce forests |
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| Bark beetles, such as the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) and the six-toothed spruce bark beetle (Pityogenes chalcographus L.), cause extreme economic and environmental damage in forests, especially in areas dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Fast detection and containment of bark beetle outbreaks are crucial in the battle against bark beetles, but unfortunately, the infestation detection system in Slovenia is somewhat outdated. As part of a research project, an experiment was conducted using a drone and a multispectral camera to search for bark beetle infestations. The experiment covered a forested area of 21.02 hectares, which was surveyed by the drone to capture images with the multispectral camera. By processing the collected data, an orthomosaic and NDVI index were created. Based on the analysis of the NDVI index, potential locations of bark beetle infestations were identified. The actual conditions in nature were verified through physical inspection of the area. The results of the experiment revealed that in all three areas where bark beetle infestations were predicted, Norway spruce trees showed signs of attack by the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle were present. |
autori: Peter Vindiš Damijan Kelc Peter Berk | |
| Özkan Evcin, Büşra Kalleci | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.3 |
137 |
| New records of marbled polecat, Vormla peregusna (Guldenstaedt, 1770) in Türkiye, current and potential distribution under climate change |
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| The marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna (Güldenstäedt, 1770) is a member of the Mustelidae family. Although this rare species has a wide distribution at the local or regional level in Türkiye, it is represented with a low population. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the marbled polecat is listed in the Vulnerable (VU) category. In this study, we first determined location information on social media platforms (YouTube and Instagram), GBIF, TRAMEM, and literature studies to assess the current distribution areas of the species in Türkiye. As a result of research conducted through different sources, we determined the species recorded existence in 103 locations in Türkiye. Moreover, as a result of the field studies, a rare species was observed and recorded in Kastamonu province. We used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method to model the species current and future potential distribution areas depending on two climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). When the modeling results were evaluated, it was seen that the AUC values of the climate change scenarios were between 0.89 and 0.91. According to jackknife test results, Bio14 was the most important bioclimatic variable contributing to the marbled polecat potential distribution model for SSP 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios. Modeling results provide a basis for making current and future predictions of the regional distribution of marbled polecat in Türkiye according to climate change scenarios. |
autori: Özkan Evcin Büşra Kalleci | |
| Kadir Alperen Coskuner, Ismet Harman, Sadiq Zeynalov, Ertugrul Bilgili | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.4 |
153 |
| Exploring long-term wildfire dynamics across land cover types in relation to climate in the Eastern Mediterranean landscapes |
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| The Mediterranean region is characterized by diverse landscapes and unique climatic conditions, making this region of crucial importance in the context of wildfires. Türkiye is one of the largest countries in the Mediterranean region with remarkable ecological richness, characterized by diverse land covers encompassing a variety of ecosystems and habitats. Fires play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems in fire prone areas in the country. Understanding the relationship between vegetation composition, climatic factors and historical fire patterns is thus crucial for effective fire management and conservation efforts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the world in general. This study reports and discusses fire dynamics in Türkiye spanning from 2001 to 2020 across diverse land cover classes, employing both the ESA FireCCI51 burned area product and ground-based fire data. This study aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between wildfire activities by examining the interactions and long-term climate variables, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the Angström index. The analysis of FireCCI51 data revealed different spatial patterns of wildfire occurrence in different landscapes of the study area. Fires were mainly concentrated in needle-leaved and shrubland landscapes in the west and south, while broad-leaved, herbaceous, and agricultural fires were prevalent in various parts of Türkiye. Despite legal restrictions, stubble burning remains a common practice, contributing to fire occurrences, especially during dry and hot periods after harvest. Long-term climate trends, particularly increasing VPD and decreasing rainfall, significantly impact wildfire dynamics in the study area. High VPD values correlate well with increased fire activity, indicating its role in fuel moisture and burned area. The increasing trend in VPD and decreasing trend in the Angström index underscores the landscapes increasing susceptibility to wildfires, suggesting a potential impact of climate change on burned area. |
autori: Kadir Alperen Coskuner Ismet Harman Sadiq Zeynalov Ertugrul Bilgili | |
| Canpolat Kaya, Ahmet Acarer, Sibel Tekin | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.5 |
169 |
| Global climate change, a threat: example of the chamois’ case |
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| Global climate change is predicted to be one of the most severe destructions impacting Earth. This study investigated whether global climate change poses a threat to mountain ecosystems, particularly considering that wild animals in these habitats are highly mobile. Accordingly, the research aimed to map the habitat suitability of the chamois, a species with a wide distribution across Europe, under various climate scenarios for both the present and the future. To achieve this, the MaxEnt modelling method was preferred, utilizing the latest WorldClim climate data to illustrate global climate change impacts. The current habitat suitability for chamois falls within the “good” model category, with an AUC score of 0.839 on the training dataset and 0.834 on the test dataset. The variables contributing to the model are ruggedness index, elevation, annual precipitation and temperature annual range, respectively. Based on these variables, future habitat suitability maps for chamois were created using the SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585 climate scenarios for the year 2100, employing the HadGEM3-GC31-LL model from WorldClim. According to the classification, recent chamois habitat suitable map predicts that 27.71% of Europe is suitable for habitation. In contrast, the future suitability under the SSP126 scenario covers 24.71%, SSP245 covers 21.53%, and SSP585 covers only 16.21%. Therefore, compared to the current model, the SSP585 scenario for 2100 projects a reduction in suitable area by approximately 42%. According to this rate, global climate change is a threat to the distribution of the chamois. |
autori: Canpolat Kaya Ahmet Acarer Sibel Tekin | |
| PREGLEDNI ČLANCI | ||
| Louiza Soualah, Mouatez Billah Boussouf, Abdelhafid Bouzekri | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.149.3-4.6 |
183 |
| Trends in research on forest fire mapping and management: a bibliometric review |
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| Forest fires are a significant environmental challenge, impacting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities. Over the past decade, research on forest fire mapping and management has surged, reflecting the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate these risks. This review examines the relation between the mapping and management of forest fires from 2013 to 2023 using a bibliometric analysis based on the PRISMA framework. The Scopus database was selected for its extensive range of publications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of relevant research. An initial search identified 927 documents, which were refined to 240 publications through specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis reveals a notable increase in publications since 2019, highlighting the most productive journals, authors, institutions, and countries in this field. Key findings include the identification of leading research hubs and influential contributors, as well as emerging trends and prevalent keywords. The growing number of literature underscores the critical role of mapping and managing forest fires, particularly in the context of global climate change and its exacerbating effects on fire incidence and severity. This review provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of forest fire research, emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and collaboration. |
autori: Louiza Soualah Mouatez Billah Boussouf Abdelhafid Bouzekri | |