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HR  EN   

11-12/2024

WEB EDITION


Scientific-technical and professional journal
of Croatia Forestry Society
                         Issued continously since 1877.
       First issue of this web edition start with number 1-2/2008.
   ISSN No.: 1846-9140              UDC 630*https://doi.org/10.31298/sl
PAPER EDITION
DIGITAL ARCHIVE

HRČAK
Portal of scientific
journals of Croatia
   Issued by: Croatian Forestry Society

   Address: Trg Mažuranića 11, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
   Phone/fax: ++385 1 4828477
   e-mail: urednistvo@sumari.hr
   Editor in Chief: Josip Margaletić


     
 
RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA
 
Uredništvo HŠD-a   529
At the end of 2024.      
 
 
IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI
 
Dženita Alibegić, Esmera Kajtaz, Haris Nikšić, Željko Španjol, Boris Dorbić  
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.1
531
Variations in the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh and dried rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) with regard to provenance – the area of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina      
The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of fresh and dried rosemary leaves from urban and rural areas and to compare the results with those of a commercial sample. Rosemary plant material (R. officinalis) was collected during May and June 2024 in the summer/sunny period. The homogenized samples were macerated at room temperature using distilled water and a 70% ethanol solution. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging method and expressed as Trolox equivalents (µmol TE/g).
The total phenolic content ranged from 36.11 ± 0.96 to 233.07 ± 1.66 mg GAE/g, depending on the type of solvent used and the state of the plant material. Based on the collected data, it can be concluded that using 70% ethanol significantly increases the efficiency of total phenolic extraction from rosemary. The highest antioxidant activity values were found in ethanol extracts (712.70 ± 1.90 – 934.06 ± 0.77 µmol TE/g), regardless of the provenance of plant material (urban/rural) or sample state (dry/fresh). Water extracts showed lower antioxidant activity values, regardless of the provenance and sample state (164.13 ± 4.04 to 247.30 ± 3.56 µmol TE/g), with the commercial sample water extract standing out (867.70 ± 1.98 µmol TE/g).
One-way ANOVA testing revealed no difference in antioxidant activity between samples from urban and rural areas (0.317 > 0.05), but there was a difference in the total phenolic content of the analyzed samples (0.015 < 0.05). T-test results indicated a difference in antioxidant activity based on the use of different solvents in the extraction process (0.013 < 0.05), but not in the total phenolic content (0.137 > 0.05).
Keywords: rosemary, phenols, antioxidant activity, provenance


    authors:
    Dženita Alibegić
    Esmera Kajtaz
    Haris Nikšić
    Željko Španjol    ŠL
    Boris Dorbić
 
Özdemir Şentürk  
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.2
541
Niche based distribution modelling and mapping of Brutian pine in the Gölhisar district      
The purpose of this work was to elucidate the fundamental characteristics and application areas of various modelling techniques that are widely employed in current ecological modelling research. Using five distinct distribution modelling techniques, possible species distribution modelling and mapping of the Brutian pine species in the Gölhisar district were conducted. The data was collected from Brutian pine species in 400 sampling plots in the area. The variables used in the models were elevation, slope, aspect, radiation index, heat index, topographic position index and bedrock types. Logistic regression, classification tree, random forest, generalized additive model and maximum entropy were used as the species distribution modelling methods. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were created and the performance of the species distribution models was evaluated with the Area Under the ROC curve (AUC). The statistical analyses revealed that the best models were generalized additive model, random forest, classification tree, maximum entropy and logistic regression, respectively. Elevation and bedrock types had the highest contribution to the Brutian pine distribution models. The outputs of the generalized additive model technique that had the highest AUC value were mapped. Some ecological and statistical differences were found between the models and their reasons were presented. Compared to the methods commonly used in species distribution modelling studies, generalized additive model technique has a specific smoothing function which ensures both fittings between the envirenvironmental changes and explanatory curves and more accurate ecological interpretation of the models obtained.
Keywords: classification tree, ecological modelling, generalized additive model, logistic regression, MaxEnt, random forest


    authors:
    Özdemir Şentürk
 
Tolga Ozturk, Ebru Bilici, Muhittin Inan, Batin Mehmet Yer  
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.3
555
Examining the changes in the amounts of PM2.5, PM10 and CO2 in the environment in debarking operations      
One of the most time-consuming stages in the production of coniferous trees is debarking the bark of the product. During debarking with a chainsaw apparatus, many air pollutants such as bark residues, dust, sawdust, fuel material, etc. are mixed into the environment. This situation reduces the air quality for the workers. This study aims to investigate the impact of the debarking process on worker health and environmental impacts in coastal pine plantations in Sariyer region. The air pollution parameters PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and HCHO levels during the debarking process were measured using a Temtop M2000 air quality meter. The results showed that when comparing these values to standard air quality metrics, its clear that the peak values of PM2.5, PM10, and CO2 (247 µg/m3, 411 µg/m3, and 2549 ppm) result in a "Very Unhealthy" environment. The average values for all three (83.91 µg/m3, 121.69 µg/m3, and 614.19 ppm) are classified as "Unhealthy" for PM2.5, and "Moderate" for PM10 and CO2. The study results emphasize that the log debarking process is associated with bark volume, CO2 release and PM2.5 levels. Therefore, it is vital that workers in harvesting use maximum protective equipment, especially respirators. There is also a need to raise awareness and provide training for forest workers on the use of protective equipment. These findings may contribute to the development of effective policies on the health of workers in wood production and environmental quality.
Keywords: Debarking,Air quality,Debarking tool,Timber,Temtop M2000


    authors:
    Tolga Ozturk
    Ebru Bilici
    Muhittin Inan
    Batin Mehmet Yer
 
Mehmet Güvenç NegIz, Og˘uzhan ErfIdan  
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.4
565
Vegetation-environment relationships in the Akdag˘ (Burdur) region      
In this study, the distribution of woody vegetation and the characteristics of the growing environment in the Akdag (Burdur) region were determined, and forest site classification was established. Fieldwork was conducted on 85 sample plots, and 65 woody plant species were identified. Species with a frequency value below 5% in the vegetation data matrix were excluded and 56 species were included in the analysis. Additionally, environmental variables for each sample plot were obtained. Vegetation groups were obtained through clustering and two-way indicator species analysis methods during the vegetation classification stage. Subsequently, the most suitable discriminating group was identified using the multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP). It was observed that the clustering analysis based on Jaccard-Ward’s method yielded the most suitable discriminating group. Furthermore, positive and negative indicator species were identified through indicator species analysis. Spearman correlation analysis between the best discriminating group and environmental variables revealed that elevation, temperature index, and solar radiation index variables exhibited a positive relationship, while parent material, Bio1 and Bio15 variables showed a negative relationship. Similar results were obtained in canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) applied to interpret the relationships obtained through correlation analysis using ordination methods. According to CCA, elevation was positively associated with plant distributions and vegetation groups, while Bio1 and Bio15 variables were negatively associated.
Keywords: woody vegetation, forest site classification, Akdag region, elevation


    authors:
    Mehmet Güvenç NegIz
    Og˘uzhan ErfIdan
 
 
PREGLEDNI ČLANCI
 
Musheerul Hassan, Muhammad Mohsin, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić, Uzma Naser, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Shabir Ahmad Zargar  
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.5
577
The effects of climate change: an overview of the ecological and economic consequences      
Climate change, a relentless force of nature, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and endangers livelihoods. This review examines the diverse impacts of climate change, ranging from shifting seasons and retreating glaciers to rapidly rising sea levels. These changes lead to identifiable risks such as rising temperatures, dwindling groundwater supplies, loss of biodiversity, reduced forestry and agricultural productivity, and increased health risks. The impacts go beyond the ecological sphere and permeate global economies. Particularly important is the disproportionate impact on countries with limited resources and lower socio-economic status. In addition, this report examines the complicated dynamics of international cooperation on climate policy, and underscores the urgent need for collective efforts to address the escalating environmental crisis. Carbon emissions are the main cause of global climate change. In response, the worlds nations have come together under the Kyoto Protocol, which is based on the recognition of different national capacities to address climate-related challenges. The transition from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement underscores the shift towards collective responsibility for climate change and emphasizes international cooperation and efforts to build resilience, particularly for the benefit of vulnerable nations. Therefore, this synthesis of systematic review procedures and bibliometric analysis methods underscores the need for coordinated action to mitigate the looming environmental crisis. Strategic planning and implementation are essential to proactively mitigate the negative effects of climate change. Efforts such as afforestation, reforestation and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, as well as the extensive use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal sources, offer significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: climate change, environment, economy, low-income countries, Kyoto protocol


    authors:
    Musheerul Hassan
    Muhammad Mohsin
    Ivana Vitasović-Kosić
    Uzma Naser
    Shabir Ahmad Bhat
    Shabir Ahmad Dar