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+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 + 2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 1-2/2024 3-4/2024 5-6/2024 7-8/2024 9-10/2024 11-12/2024 + 2025 new HR EN |
11-12/2024 |
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo HŠD-a | 529 | |
| Na kraju 2024. godine |  
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| Riječ uredništva U rubrici Riječ uredništva u godini na odlasku bavili smo se raznolikim temama. Početkom godine u broju 1-2/2024 osvrnuli smo se na 28. konferenciju Ujedinjenih naroda o klimatskim promjenama (COP28) održanu krajem 2023. godine u Ujedinjenim Arapskim Emiratima. Unatoč ambiciozno postavljenim ciljevima, od smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova i jačanja otpornosti na klimatske promjene do dodjeljivanja financijske i tehnološke potpore ranjivim nacijama te glavnom cilju da se održi porast globalne temperaturne do granice od 1,5 °C, već ove godine na novoj 29. konferenciji u Azerbajdžanu vidljivo je da se taj cilj neće moći ispuniti jer je postavljena granica u ovoj godini probijena. Ponukani održavanjem parlamentarnih izbora u Republici Hrvatskoj u travnju ove godine u broju 3-4/2024 napisali smo što Hrvatsko šumarsko društvo očekuje od budućih nositelja vlasti. Svoja očekivanja iskazali smo u sljedećih pet točaka: 1. vraćanje termina šumarstvo u naziv resornog ministarstva; 2. uspostava tržišnih odnosa u prodaji drvnih proizvoda državnih šuma i poboljšanje statusa šumarskih stručnjaka; 3. strateško i zakonsko jačanje sektora šumarstva, lovstva i drvne industrije; 4. vraćanje naknade za općekorisne funkcije šuma (OKFŠ) na nekadašnju vrijednost i ravnomjerna raspodjela sredstava naknade OKFŠ za sve potrebe; i 5. zaustavljanje davanja u zakup šumskog zemljišta i kontrola postojećeg stanja. Prilikom konstituiranja nove Vlade RH 16. svibnja 2024. bivše Ministarstvo poljoprivrede promijenilo je naziv u Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i ribarstva. Nakon 12 godina opetovanog traženja povrata termina šumarstva u naziv resornog ministarstva struka je barem dobila satisfakciju za vidljivost u nazivu ministarstva. Za stvarnu vidljivost i značaj struke kao za i ostale navedene zahtjeve tek će se trebati izboriti. Broj 5-6/2024 bio je posvećen znanstvenom i stručnom karakteru Šumarskog lista. Na temelju pregleda pisanja iz razdoblja od 1940. do 2015. godine zaključeno je kako je kritičan odnos prema sadržaju i nedostatku stručnih članaka autora iz prakse u Šumarskom listu konstantan. Za promjenu na bolje moraju se pobrinuti sama hrvatska šumarska znanost i struka. U broju 7-8/2024 prisjetili smo se godišnjice nezapamćenoga olujnog nevremena u Republici Hrvatskoj od 19. srpnja 2023. Prve tadašnje procjene šteta u šumi bile su oko 1,5 milijuna m3 drvnog volumena. Godinu dana kasnije štete su u državnim šumama procijenjene na čak 4 milijuna m3. Šume, od kojih se očekuje da pomognu u smanjenju utjecaja klimatskih promjena, i same su postale žrtvama tih promjena. Šumarski osvrt na ovogodišnju požarnu sezonu dan je u broju 9-10/2024. Tekuća godina obilježena je brojnim požarima i velikom opožarenom površinom. U 2.420 požara otvorenog prostora ukupno je opožareno 14.689 ha, što je povećanje od čak 534 % u odnosu na 2023. godinu. Prema podacima više od 90 % požara zahvaća zapuštene površine neutvrđenog vlasništva i one u privatnom vlasništvu. Sa šumarskog stanovišta požare stoga najčešće ne treba nazivati šumskim požarima već njihovim pravim imenom – požarima zapuštenih privatnih površina. Najučinkovitija mjera požarne prevencije bilo bi rješavanje problema vlasništva i održavanja privatnih površina. Šumarskoj struci upućujemo najbolje želje u dolazećoj 2025. godini u kojoj ćemo obilježiti respektabilnih 260 godina hrvatskog šumarstva. Našim čitateljima i članstvu HŠD-a želimo sretan Božić i novu 2025. godinu. Uredništvo |
autori: Uredništvo HŠD-a | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Dženita Alibegić, Esmera Kajtaz, Haris Nikšić, Željko Španjol, Boris Dorbić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.1 |
531 |
| Varijacije u sadržaju fenola i antioksidacijske aktivnosti svježih i osušenih listova ružmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) s obzirom na provenijenciju - područje Mostara, Bosna i Hercegovina |
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| Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi antioksidacijsku aktivnost i sadržaj ukupnih fenola svježeg i osušenog lista ružmarina s obzirom na provenijenciju iz urbane i ruralne sredine, te usporediti dobivene rezultate s rezultatima komercijalnog uzorka. Listovi biljnog materijala R. officinalis skupljeni su tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2024. god. u ljetnom/sunčanom periodu. Homogenizirani uzorak podvrgnut je maceraciji na sobnoj temperaturi uz uporabu destilirane vode i 70%-tne otopine etanola. Ukupni sadržaj fenola određen je Folin-Ciocalteu metodom, a antioksidacijska aktivnost procijenjena je DPPH „scavenging“ metodom te izražena primjenom standarda Trolox-a kao ekvivalenta (µmol TE/g). Udio ukupnih fenola kretao se od 36,11 ± 0,96 do 233,07 ± 1,66 mg GAE/g, ovisno o vrsti korištenog otapala i stanja biljnog materijala. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka može se zaključiti da se primjenom 70% etanola značajno povećava učinkovitost ekstrakcije ukupnih fenola iz ružmarina. Najviše vrijednosti antioksidacijske aktivnosti imali su etanolni ekstrakti (712,70 ± 1,90 – 934,06 ± 0,77 µmol TE/g), bez obzira na provenijenciju biljnog materijala urbane/ruralne sredine i stanja uzorka (suhi/svježi). Vodeni ekstrakti pokazuju niže vrijednosti antioksidacijske aktivnosti, bez obzira na provenijenciju i stanje uzorka (164,13 ± 4,04 do 247,30 ± 3,56 µmol TE/g), pri čemu se ističe vodeni ekstrakt komercijalnog uzorka (867,70 ± 1,98 µmol TE/g). Primjenom One-Way ANOVA testa ustanovljeno je da nema razlike u antioksidacijskoj aktivnosti uzoraka u odnosu na provenijenciju iz urbane/ruralne sredine (0,317 > 0,05), ali ta razlika postoji kada je u pitanju sadržaj ukupnih fenola analiziranih uzoraka (0,015 < 0,05). Rezultati t-testa ukazuju na postojanje razlike u antioksidacijskoj aktivnosti analiziranih uzoraka s obzirom na uporabu različitog otapala u procesu ekstrakcije (0,013 < 0,05), ali ne i za sadržaj ukupnih fenola (0,137 > 0,05). Ključne riječi: ružmarin, fenoli, antioksidacijska aktivnost, provenijencija |
autori: Dženita Alibegić Esmera Kajtaz Haris Nikšić Željko Španjol ŠL Boris Dorbić | |
| Özdemir Şentürk | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.2 |
541 |
| Niche based distribution modelling and mapping of Brutian pine in the Gölhisar district |
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| The purpose of this work was to elucidate the fundamental characteristics and application areas of various modelling techniques that are widely employed in current ecological modelling research. Using five distinct distribution modelling techniques, possible species distribution modelling and mapping of the Brutian pine species in the Gölhisar district were conducted. The data was collected from Brutian pine species in 400 sampling plots in the area. The variables used in the models were elevation, slope, aspect, radiation index, heat index, topographic position index and bedrock types. Logistic regression, classification tree, random forest, generalized additive model and maximum entropy were used as the species distribution modelling methods. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were created and the performance of the species distribution models was evaluated with the Area Under the ROC curve (AUC). The statistical analyses revealed that the best models were generalized additive model, random forest, classification tree, maximum entropy and logistic regression, respectively. Elevation and bedrock types had the highest contribution to the Brutian pine distribution models. The outputs of the generalized additive model technique that had the highest AUC value were mapped. Some ecological and statistical differences were found between the models and their reasons were presented. Compared to the methods commonly used in species distribution modelling studies, generalized additive model technique has a specific smoothing function which ensures both fittings between the envirenvironmental changes and explanatory curves and more accurate ecological interpretation of the models obtained. Keywords: classification tree, ecological modelling, generalized additive model, logistic regression, MaxEnt, random forest |
autori: Özdemir Şentürk | |
| Tolga Ozturk, Ebru Bilici, Muhittin Inan, Batin Mehmet Yer | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.3 |
555 |
| Examining the changes in the amounts of PM2.5, PM10 and CO2 in the environment in debarking operations |
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| One of the most time-consuming stages in the production of coniferous trees is debarking the bark of the product. During debarking with a chainsaw apparatus, many air pollutants such as bark residues, dust, sawdust, fuel material, etc. are mixed into the environment. This situation reduces the air quality for the workers. This study aims to investigate the impact of the debarking process on worker health and environmental impacts in coastal pine plantations in Sariyer region. The air pollution parameters PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and HCHO levels during the debarking process were measured using a Temtop M2000 air quality meter. The results showed that when comparing these values to standard air quality metrics, its clear that the peak values of PM2.5, PM10, and CO2 (247 µg/m3, 411 µg/m3, and 2549 ppm) result in a "Very Unhealthy" environment. The average values for all three (83.91 µg/m3, 121.69 µg/m3, and 614.19 ppm) are classified as "Unhealthy" for PM2.5, and "Moderate" for PM10 and CO2. The study results emphasize that the log debarking process is associated with bark volume, CO2 release and PM2.5 levels. Therefore, it is vital that workers in harvesting use maximum protective equipment, especially respirators. There is also a need to raise awareness and provide training for forest workers on the use of protective equipment. These findings may contribute to the development of effective policies on the health of workers in wood production and environmental quality. Keywords: Debarking,Air quality,Debarking tool,Timber,Temtop M2000 |
autori: Tolga Ozturk Ebru Bilici Muhittin Inan Batin Mehmet Yer | |
| Mehmet Güvenç NegIz, Og˘uzhan ErfIdan | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.4 |
565 |
| Vegetation-environment relationships in the Akdag˘ (Burdur) region |
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| In this study, the distribution of woody vegetation and the characteristics of the growing environment in the Akdag (Burdur) region were determined, and forest site classification was established. Fieldwork was conducted on 85 sample plots, and 65 woody plant species were identified. Species with a frequency value below 5% in the vegetation data matrix were excluded and 56 species were included in the analysis. Additionally, environmental variables for each sample plot were obtained. Vegetation groups were obtained through clustering and two-way indicator species analysis methods during the vegetation classification stage. Subsequently, the most suitable discriminating group was identified using the multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP). It was observed that the clustering analysis based on Jaccard-Ward’s method yielded the most suitable discriminating group. Furthermore, positive and negative indicator species were identified through indicator species analysis. Spearman correlation analysis between the best discriminating group and environmental variables revealed that elevation, temperature index, and solar radiation index variables exhibited a positive relationship, while parent material, Bio1 and Bio15 variables showed a negative relationship. Similar results were obtained in canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) applied to interpret the relationships obtained through correlation analysis using ordination methods. According to CCA, elevation was positively associated with plant distributions and vegetation groups, while Bio1 and Bio15 variables were negatively associated. Keywords: woody vegetation, forest site classification, Akdag region, elevation |
autori: Mehmet Güvenç NegIz Og˘uzhan ErfIdan | |
| PREGLEDNI ČLANCI | ||
| Musheerul Hassan, Muhammad Mohsin, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić, Uzma Naser, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Shabir Ahmad Zargar | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.11-12.5 |
577 |
| The effects of climate change: an overview of the ecological and economic consequences |
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| Climate change, a relentless force of nature, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and endangers livelihoods. This review examines the diverse impacts of climate change, ranging from shifting seasons and retreating glaciers to rapidly rising sea levels. These changes lead to identifiable risks such as rising temperatures, dwindling groundwater supplies, loss of biodiversity, reduced forestry and agricultural productivity, and increased health risks. The impacts go beyond the ecological sphere and permeate global economies. Particularly important is the disproportionate impact on countries with limited resources and lower socio-economic status. In addition, this report examines the complicated dynamics of international cooperation on climate policy, and underscores the urgent need for collective efforts to address the escalating environmental crisis. Carbon emissions are the main cause of global climate change. In response, the worlds nations have come together under the Kyoto Protocol, which is based on the recognition of different national capacities to address climate-related challenges. The transition from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement underscores the shift towards collective responsibility for climate change and emphasizes international cooperation and efforts to build resilience, particularly for the benefit of vulnerable nations. Therefore, this synthesis of systematic review procedures and bibliometric analysis methods underscores the need for coordinated action to mitigate the looming environmental crisis. Strategic planning and implementation are essential to proactively mitigate the negative effects of climate change. Efforts such as afforestation, reforestation and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, as well as the extensive use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal sources, offer significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: climate change, environment, economy, low-income countries, Kyoto protocol |
autori: Musheerul Hassan Muhammad Mohsin Ivana Vitasović-Kosić Uzma Naser Shabir Ahmad Bhat Shabir Ahmad Dar | |