|
+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 + 2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 1-2/2024 3-4/2024 5-6/2024 7-8/2024 9-10/2024 11-12/2024 + 2025 new HR EN |
7-8/2024 |
|
|||||||||||||||
| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo HŠD-a | 325 | |
| The anniversary of an unprecedented storm in the Republic of Croatia |  
|
|
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Hrvoje Mataković, Karlo Beljan, Stjepan Posavec | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.1 |
327 |
| Perception of the causes and consequences of forest fires in the Republic of Croatia |
|
|
| Forest fires pose a serious safety risk as they endanger human lives, damage the environment and cause material damage. Considering the significant share of forests in the total area of Croatia, fire safety is of particular interest to the Republic of Croatia. Although media and public interest in forest fires increases during the summer, probably because most fires break out in the wider coastal region, which is the most tourism-intensive part of Croatia, the causes of forest fires in Croatia are still insufficiently studied. The aim of this paper is to explore how the causes and consequences of forest fires are perceived and what solutions can be considered for their prevention. It is also analysed whether there is a difference in the perception of these issues between experts and non-experts. Experts in this paper are people who are professionally involved with forests or forest fires, and non-experts are all other respondents who visit forests as a hobby and may have come into contact with forest fires without practicing their profession. The survey was published online and was available to potential respondents from June to October 2023. During this period, the responses were collected from 119 respondents: 79 respondents are professionally involved with forests or fires and form the group of experts in this study, and 40 respondents visit forests as a hobby and form the group of non-experts. The collected responses were analysed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study showed that for most questions, there are no statistically significant differences between experts and non-experts in their perception of the causes and consequences of forest fires. Non-experts rated the statement that sufficient measures are taken in Croatia to reduce the risk of forest fires at 2.97, and experts gave it a slightly higher rating, namely 3.18. Most respondents in both groups (55.00% of experts and 45.57% of non-experts) believe that deliberate ignition is the most important factor in the outbreak of forest fires. In the non-expert group, poor forest management and an increased number of visitors and tourists in the forests are the next most common cause (12.50%), while among the experts, the majority of respondents believe that burning of waste on agricultural land is responsible for the outbreak of fires (21.52%). Regarding forest visitors, non-experts indicated that forest fires have the most negative impact on hikers and mountaineers (47.50%) and campers (20%), while experts believe that forest fires have the most negative impact on hunters (40.51%) and hikers and mountaineers (35.44%). The respondents were also offered eight variables describing potential economic losses due to forest fires. Non-experts believe that the biggest economic losses are the costs of restoring infrastructure, public property, and industry after a fire. Experts believe that the costs directly related to forests are the greatest economic loss, such as the cost of restoring the landscape after a fire and the loss of income due to burned trees or delayed timber harvesting. No statistically significant differences were found between experts and non-experts in the questions on possible solutions for forest fires. Respondents from both groups believe that forest fires can be prevented most effectively through better monitoring of forests, stricter penalties for arsonists, and better education. Education should improve the lack of knowledge and awareness about forest fires and consequently lead to fewer fires. This research has shown that there is an interest in education about forest fires, but also that the information about education is not sufficiently disseminated. The answers obtained in this study can serve as a guide for stakeholders responsible for the design of the fire protection system and the structuring and design of future forest fire education. Keywords: safety, risk, natural disasters, forest management |
authors: Hrvoje Mataković Karlo Beljan ŠL Stjepan Posavec ŠL | |
| Mara Marić, Domagoj Ivan Žeravica, Ivana Paladin Soče, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.2 |
341 |
| New potentially invasive species in the flora of Croatia |
|
|
| Summary During field research conducted from 2022 to 2023 on the island of Koločep, near the city of Dubrovnik, the spontaneous emergence of the non-native species Diospyros virginiana L. (common persimmon) was observed outside its primary cultivation area. This ornamental plant is part of the park dendroflora. D. virginiana began appearing spontaneously on the eastern side of the road between the two main settlements of the island, Gornje Čelo and Donje Čelo. It has established itself in an agricultural habitat within an abandoned olive grove covering an area of about 2900 m2. The plot, no longer under cultivation, is predominantly covered with ruderal and weedy vegetation, featuring an herbaceous ground layer identified as Dauco majori-Foeniculetum vulgaris. In this area, D. virginiana attains an average height of 1 to 2 meters, enveloping and suppressing the remaining Olea europaea L. trees. The plant spreads vegetatively and possesses a robust root system extending laterally for several meters, completely covering the area. Additionally, it has grown into a dry stone wall structure along the road. According to the authors proposal, it was recently entered in the FCD as 2.1.1.3, a potentially invasive species, to provide a basis for future monitoring. Considering its invasive potential and the environmental damage it may cause, the authors suggest the eradication of the species from the area before it spreads to surrounding regions. Keywords: American persimmon, environmental damage, Koločep Island, neophyte, potential invasive impact, spontaneous appearance |
authors: Mara Marić Domagoj Ivan Žeravica Ivana Paladin Soče Ivana Vitasović-Kosić | |
| Vladan Popović, Aleksandar Vemić, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Sanja Jovanović, Sabahudin Hadrović, Aleksandar Lučić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.3 |
353 |
| The use of morphological traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings for selection of reproductive material from the provenances likely affected by climate change |
|
|
| Summary Global climate change causes the reduction of tree growth and spread of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests, thus indicating the need to preserve tree abundance due to the changes that have occurred. The comparison of beech seedlings from various provenances in southeast and central Europe was carried out based on the dimensions of root collar diameter and height to select the proper starting material that would reduce the negative consequences of the climate. There have been statistically significant differences in root collar diameter and height between various seedlings tested in European provenances. Clear differentiation was recorded between European countries in the growth performances of one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings of F. sylvatica based on the nursery test. The studys results indicate the potential for producing adaptable beech reproductive material from various European provenances. This finding lays the groundwork for future precise analyses that aim to select provenances tolerant to changing climate conditions. Keywords: beech, seedlings, variability, provenance |
authors: Vladan Popović Aleksandar Vemić Ljubinko Rakonjac Sanja Jovanović Sabahudin Hadrović Aleksandar Lučić | |
| Saliha Unver, Ebru Bilici | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.4 |
363 |
| A comparison of the risk analyses for harvesting activities under different conditions |
|
|
| Summary Today, it is mandatory for all employers to conduct risk analysis because of legal regulations and the increased importance attached to occupational safety and health (OSH) by society. Each harvesting unit has a unique topography, climate, type of machine or equipment, tree species, harvesting time (summer/winter), and external threats. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully identify the potential risks for each harvesting unit. This study compared the risk scores of forest harvesting in the Black Sea, Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara, and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Türkiye with different geographical conditions. The risk analysis was conducted with a total of 338 harvesting workers from these regions. Twenty-nine hazards, categorized into six main classes, were identified via literature review, field observations, and expert opinions. Risk analysis was performed using the L-type matrix method. After that, the Chi-square test analyzed whether the risk scores determined for each geographic region differed or not. The results revealed significant differences in the results of risk analyses of harvesting activities between regions (c2 = 97.357; p<.001). While these differences were determined generally in the physical, psychosocial, and worker-related hazard classes, an obvious difference in biological or chemical hazard classes was not determined statistically. The results of the risk analysis obtained from the study will contribute to the identification of the risks that should be taken into consideration primarily for the examined regions and the implementation of measurements. Moreover, this study serves as a model for conducting risk analysis for other regions, to facilitate informed decision-making concerning OSH. Keywords: matrix method; occupational safety; worker health; forest harvesting |
authors: Saliha Unver Ebru Bilici | |
| Ahmet Acarer | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.5 |
375 |
| Will cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) become extinct in the forests of Türkiye in the future? |
|
|
| Summary Changing climate conditions and different climate scenarios on a global scale are associated with the shrinkage, fragmentation and even extinction of habitats of important bird species. Based on this, the aim is to conduct habitat suitability modelling and mapping of the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), which has the largest body among the four different vulture species in the world, under the circumstances of climate change in Türkiye. MaxEnt method was performed to reveal the current habitat suitability model of the cinereous vulture, which is an indicator of old and high-quality black pine forests in terms of biological diversity in Türkiye. It was determined that the variables contributing to the current habitat suitability model of the cinereous vulture were bedrock, isothermality, landform classification and seasonal precipitation. Chelsa climate scenarios (SSP126-SSP370-SSP585) for the year 2100 were used to reveal the effects of changing climate conditions on the cinereous vulture. Mapping results according to different scenarios were classified as 0.5 – unsuitable, 0.51-0.8 – suitable and 0.81-1.0 – the most suitable habitat. According to the mapping results based on different year and scenarios, cinereous vulture has suitable habitat in a minimum of 16.13% of the study area in the present state, 13.95% in the year 2100 in the SPP126 climate scenario, 10.11% in the SPP370 climate scenario and 7.36% in the SPP585climate scenario. As a result, when the 2100 SSP585 climate scenario mapping was compared to the current habitat suitability mapping, it was determined that habitat suitability for the cinereous vulture decreased by approximately 55%. Therefore, these results will be a source of information to prevent the extinction of the cinereous vulture, in order to protect its current and potential distributions in advance, and to reduce the impact of changing climate conditions. Keywords: Aegypius monachus, climate change, wildlife conservation, modelling and mapping, maximum entropy |
authors: Ahmet Acarer | |
| PRETHODNO PRIOPĆENJE | ||
| Damir Ugarković, Mateja Džeko, Ivica Tikvić, Ivan Blažević | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.6 |
389 |
| Comparison of methods for calculating potential evapotranspiration in different climate types and vegetation zones |
|
|
| Summary Evapotranspiration is an important part of the hydrological water cycle as well as an important component in irrigation planning and drought determination. The aim of this research is to compare the amounts of potential evapotranspiration according to different methods in different climate types as well as the correlation between them. Potential evapotranspiration (in mm) was calculated according to Thornthwaite, Ivanov, Blaney-Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods for Osijek, Zagreb-Maksimir, Parg, Zavižan and Hvar weather stations. Osijek weather station has a Cfa climate type, a moderately warm rainy climate with hot summers. Zagreb-Maksimir and Parg weather stations have Cfb climate type, moderately warm humid climate with hot summers. Zavižan weather station has Df climate type, humid boreal climate, while Hvar weather station is located in the area of Mediterranean climate with hot summers (Csa climate type). In the area of lowland Croatia in Cfa and Cfb climate types, the average amount of potential evapotranspiration was the lowest according to the Blaney- Criddle method (709.30 mm), and the highest according to the Ivanov method (859.95 mm). For Parg weather station in mountainous Croatia, Cfb climate type, the lowest average amount of potential evapotranspiration was found according to the Ivanov method (553.01 mm), while in this case the highest amount was found according to the Penman-Monteith method (705.87 mm). On Hvar, Csa type climate, the smallest amount of potential evapotranspiration was recorded according to the Thornthwaite method (891.57 mm), and the largest according to the Ivanov method in the amount of 1368.55 mm. According to the average annual values of potential evapotranspiration, the Penman- Monteith method was the closest to the Ivanov method in the area of lowland Croatia, and the Blaney- Criddle method in the area of mountainous, sub-mountainous and Mediterranean Croatia. The highest correlation in the amount of r = 0.98* was between the Thornthwaite and Blaney-Criddle methods, and the smallest in the amount of r = 0.49* was determined between the Ivanov and Blaney-Criddle methods. The Pennman-Monteith, Thornthwaite and Ivanov methods in lowland Croatia, and Thornthwaite and Blaney-Criddle methods in mountainous, pre-mountainous and Mediterranean Croatia had the highest correlation. Keywords: potential evapotranspiration, climate, climate type |
authors: Damir Ugarković ŠL Mateja Džeko Ivica Tikvić ŠL Ivan Blažević | |