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+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 + 2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 1-2/2024 3-4/2024 5-6/2024 7-8/2024 9-10/2024 11-12/2024 + 2025 new HR EN |
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo HŠD-a | 325 | |
| Godišnjica nezapamćenoga olujnog nevremena u Republici Hrvatskoj |  
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| Riječ uredništva U prošlogodišnjem uvodnom slovu Šumarskog lista broj 7-8 osvrnuli smo se na posljedice olujnog nevremena koje je 19. srpnja 2023. zadesilo široko kontinentalno područje Republike Hrvatske. Tadašnje procjene šteta u šumi bile su oko 1,5 milijuna m3 drvnog volumena. Godinu dana kasnije, novi podaci prema izvoru iz Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. kazuju da su dosadašnje štete u državnim šumama oko 4 milijuna m3. Najveću štetu pretrpjela je Uprava šuma Podružnica Vinkovci s 2,7 milijuna m3, što čini dvije trećine ukupne štete. Značajne štete nastale su i na području UŠP Nova Gradiška s 450 tisuća m3, UŠP Bjelovar s 260 tisuća m3, UŠP Zagreb s 250 tisuća m3 i UŠP Požega s 210 tisuća m3. Osim kontinentalnih podružnica UŠP Osijek i Koprivnica, manjim štetama bile su zahvaćene i krške podružnice Buzet, Senj i Gospić. Najviše su stradale šume najvrijednije hrvatske vrste drveća, hrasta lužnjaka, u količini od 1,9 milijuna m3. Procijenjena financijska šteta iznosi oko 163 milijuna eura. Izvanredna situacija zahtijevala je i poduzimanje izvanrednih mjera te je stoga Vlada Republike Hrvatske 31. kolovoza 2023. donijela Uredbu o dopuni Zakona o šumama kojom ministar može u slučaju pojave prirodne nepogode, donijeti naredbu kojom se zabranjuje provođenje pojedinih radova gospodarenja šumama određenih šumskogospodarskim planovima, u skladu s načelima održivog gospodarenja šumama. Temeljem te Uredbe donesena je Naredba Ministarstva poljoprivrede kojom se zabranjuje provedba rada pridobivanja drvnih šumskih proizvoda propisanog šumskogospodarskim planom, i to izvršenje propisa etata glavnog i prethodnog prihoda, do kraja važenja šumskogospodarskog plana u 14 gospodarskih jedinica državnih šuma. Trgovačko društvo Hrvatske šume d.o.o. angažiralo je kapacitete vlastitih djelatnika i strojeva kao i vanjskih izvoditelja na hitnoj sanaciji nastale štete. Do kraja 2023. godine sanirano je skoro 20 % stradalih sastojina, a ukupna sanacija očekuje se do kraja 2024. godine. Glavni budući problemi velikog nevremena su pitanje obnove šuma i zaštita tla od zakorovljenja na tako velikoj površini, ali i plasman trenutnih ogromnih zaliha drvnih sortimenata uslijed zasićenosti tržišta i krize na vanjskim tržištima. Upitno je koliko će u budućnosti biti sjemena potrebnog za prirodnu obnovu, ali i za proizvodnju sadnica u rasadnicima. Upitna su i potrebna radna snaga i sredstava za sve potrebne radove uzgoja i zaštite stradalih sastojina. Na kraju, uslijed promijenjene klime i sve češćih ekstremnih vremenskih nepogoda nije isključeno da će nastati nove velike štete na preostalim oštećenim i neoštećenim šumama. Šume od kojih se očekuje da pomognu u smanjenju utjecaja klimatskih promjena i same su žrtva tih promjena. Mogu li šumarska znanost i struka, ali i država i društvo, svojim djelovanjem više pomoći šumama da one pomognu nama? Uredništvo |
autori: Uredništvo HŠD-a | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Hrvoje Mataković, Karlo Beljan, Stjepan Posavec | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.1 |
327 |
| Percepcija uzroka i posljedica šumskih požara u Republici Hrvatskoj |
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| Sažetak Šumski požari predstavljaju ozbiljnu sigurnosnu prijetnju jer ugrožavaju ljudske živote, štetno utječu na okoliš te uzrokuju materijalnu štetu. Ovim radom istražila se percepcija uzroka i posljedica šumskih požara u Hrvatskoj te potencijalna rješenja za njihovo sprječavanje. Isto tako, istražilo se postoji li razlika u percepciji ovih pitanja između stručnjaka koji su profesionalno vezani uz šume i šumske požare, i nestručnjaka, odnosno, osoba koje posjećuju šume rekreativno. Anketa je bila postavljena na internetu te je bila dostupna potencijalnim ispitanicima u razdoblju od lipnja do listopada 2023. godine. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen prosudbeni uzorak od 119 ispitanika, koji se sastojao od 79 stručnjaka i 40 nestručnjaka. Analiza dobivenih odgovora provedena je pomoću hi-kvadrat testa te Mann-Whitney U testa. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se za većinu požara odgovornima smatraju ljudi i njihove aktivnosti, posebice osobe koje namjerno podmeću požare. Kao najteže materijalne posljedice šumskih požara ispitanici navode troškove obnove infrastrukture, javne imovine i industrije te krajolika nakon požara. Ispitanici smatraju da se šumski požari najdjelotvornije mogu spriječiti boljom edukacijom, boljim nadzorom šuma te strožim kaznama za osobe koje namjerno podmeću požare. Istraživanjem je također utvrđeno da kod većine pitanja ne postoje statistički značajne razlike između stručnjaka i nestručnjaka u percepciji uzroka i posljedica šumskih požara Keywords: sigurnost, rizik, prirodne katastrofe, upravljanje šumama |
autori: Hrvoje Mataković Karlo Beljan ŠL Stjepan Posavec ŠL | |
| Mara Marić, Domagoj Ivan Žeravica, Ivana Paladin Soče, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.2 |
341 |
| New potentially invasive species in the flora of Croatia |
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| Summary During field research conducted from 2022 to 2023 on the island of Koločep, near the city of Dubrovnik, the spontaneous emergence of the non-native species Diospyros virginiana L. (common persimmon) was observed outside its primary cultivation area. This ornamental plant is part of the park dendroflora. D. virginiana began appearing spontaneously on the eastern side of the road between the two main settlements of the island, Gornje Čelo and Donje Čelo. It has established itself in an agricultural habitat within an abandoned olive grove covering an area of about 2900 m2. The plot, no longer under cultivation, is predominantly covered with ruderal and weedy vegetation, featuring an herbaceous ground layer identified as Dauco majori-Foeniculetum vulgaris. In this area, D. virginiana attains an average height of 1 to 2 meters, enveloping and suppressing the remaining Olea europaea L. trees. The plant spreads vegetatively and possesses a robust root system extending laterally for several meters, completely covering the area. Additionally, it has grown into a dry stone wall structure along the road. According to the authors proposal, it was recently entered in the FCD as 2.1.1.3, a potentially invasive species, to provide a basis for future monitoring. Considering its invasive potential and the environmental damage it may cause, the authors suggest the eradication of the species from the area before it spreads to surrounding regions. Keywords: American persimmon, environmental damage, Koločep Island, neophyte, potential invasive impact, spontaneous appearance |
autori: Mara Marić Domagoj Ivan Žeravica Ivana Paladin Soče Ivana Vitasović-Kosić | |
| Vladan Popović, Aleksandar Vemić, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Sanja Jovanović, Sabahudin Hadrović, Aleksandar Lučić | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.3 |
353 |
| The use of morphological traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings for selection of reproductive material from the provenances likely affected by climate change |
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| Summary Global climate change causes the reduction of tree growth and spread of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests, thus indicating the need to preserve tree abundance due to the changes that have occurred. The comparison of beech seedlings from various provenances in southeast and central Europe was carried out based on the dimensions of root collar diameter and height to select the proper starting material that would reduce the negative consequences of the climate. There have been statistically significant differences in root collar diameter and height between various seedlings tested in European provenances. Clear differentiation was recorded between European countries in the growth performances of one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings of F. sylvatica based on the nursery test. The studys results indicate the potential for producing adaptable beech reproductive material from various European provenances. This finding lays the groundwork for future precise analyses that aim to select provenances tolerant to changing climate conditions. Keywords: beech, seedlings, variability, provenance |
autori: Vladan Popović Aleksandar Vemić Ljubinko Rakonjac Sanja Jovanović Sabahudin Hadrović Aleksandar Lučić | |
| Saliha Unver, Ebru Bilici | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.4 |
363 |
| A comparison of the risk analyses for harvesting activities under different conditions |
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| Summary Today, it is mandatory for all employers to conduct risk analysis because of legal regulations and the increased importance attached to occupational safety and health (OSH) by society. Each harvesting unit has a unique topography, climate, type of machine or equipment, tree species, harvesting time (summer/winter), and external threats. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully identify the potential risks for each harvesting unit. This study compared the risk scores of forest harvesting in the Black Sea, Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara, and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Türkiye with different geographical conditions. The risk analysis was conducted with a total of 338 harvesting workers from these regions. Twenty-nine hazards, categorized into six main classes, were identified via literature review, field observations, and expert opinions. Risk analysis was performed using the L-type matrix method. After that, the Chi-square test analyzed whether the risk scores determined for each geographic region differed or not. The results revealed significant differences in the results of risk analyses of harvesting activities between regions (c2 = 97.357; p<.001). While these differences were determined generally in the physical, psychosocial, and worker-related hazard classes, an obvious difference in biological or chemical hazard classes was not determined statistically. The results of the risk analysis obtained from the study will contribute to the identification of the risks that should be taken into consideration primarily for the examined regions and the implementation of measurements. Moreover, this study serves as a model for conducting risk analysis for other regions, to facilitate informed decision-making concerning OSH. Keywords: matrix method; occupational safety; worker health; forest harvesting |
autori: Saliha Unver Ebru Bilici | |
| Ahmet Acarer | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.5 |
375 |
| Will cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) become extinct in the forests of Türkiye in the future? |
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| Summary Changing climate conditions and different climate scenarios on a global scale are associated with the shrinkage, fragmentation and even extinction of habitats of important bird species. Based on this, the aim is to conduct habitat suitability modelling and mapping of the cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), which has the largest body among the four different vulture species in the world, under the circumstances of climate change in Türkiye. MaxEnt method was performed to reveal the current habitat suitability model of the cinereous vulture, which is an indicator of old and high-quality black pine forests in terms of biological diversity in Türkiye. It was determined that the variables contributing to the current habitat suitability model of the cinereous vulture were bedrock, isothermality, landform classification and seasonal precipitation. Chelsa climate scenarios (SSP126-SSP370-SSP585) for the year 2100 were used to reveal the effects of changing climate conditions on the cinereous vulture. Mapping results according to different scenarios were classified as 0.5 – unsuitable, 0.51-0.8 – suitable and 0.81-1.0 – the most suitable habitat. According to the mapping results based on different year and scenarios, cinereous vulture has suitable habitat in a minimum of 16.13% of the study area in the present state, 13.95% in the year 2100 in the SPP126 climate scenario, 10.11% in the SPP370 climate scenario and 7.36% in the SPP585climate scenario. As a result, when the 2100 SSP585 climate scenario mapping was compared to the current habitat suitability mapping, it was determined that habitat suitability for the cinereous vulture decreased by approximately 55%. Therefore, these results will be a source of information to prevent the extinction of the cinereous vulture, in order to protect its current and potential distributions in advance, and to reduce the impact of changing climate conditions. Keywords: Aegypius monachus, climate change, wildlife conservation, modelling and mapping, maximum entropy |
autori: Ahmet Acarer | |
| PRETHODNO PRIOPĆENJE | ||
| Damir Ugarković, Mateja Džeko, Ivica Tikvić, Ivan Blažević | https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.148.7-8.6 |
389 |
| Usporedba metoda izračuna potencijalne evapotranspiracije u različitim klimatskim tipovima i vegetacijskim pojasevima |
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