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+ 2008 + 2009 + 2010 + 2011 + 2012 + 2013 + 2014 + 2015 + 2016 1-2/2017 3-4/2017 5-6/2017 7-8/2017 9-10/2017 11-12/2017 + 2018 + 2019 + 2020 + 2021 + 2022 + 2023 + 2024 new HR EN |
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA | ||
| Uredništvo | 113 | |
| DA LI SE I ŠTO SE PROMIJENILO |  
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| RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVA U više navrata u ovoj rubrici pisali smo o odnosu društva/politike prema šumi i šumarskoj struci, kao i njenom statusu. O percepciji društva glede šuma i šumarske struke možemo raspravljati pa i osjećati se odgovornima za pojedinu krivu percepciju, jer se možda nismo dovoljno trudili da to promijenimo. No, bitne stvari bez volje politike nije moguće mijenjati, a njen odnos prema šumi i šumarskoj struci uvelike utječe i na opću percepciju društva. Željno smo očekivali promjene, no da li su se one unatoč već poodmaklom vremenu i dogodile? Po našem mišljenju one glavne nažalost još ne! Ponajprije, šumarstvo se nazivom u naslov resornog ministarstva nije vratilo, a o tome koliko znamo nije bilo niti riječi. Resorni ministar još nije našao vremena primiti na razgovor predstavnike Hrvatskoga šumarskoga društva, koje, kako je uvijek proklamiralo, objedinjuje šumarsku nastavu, znanost i praksu, a koje se u proteklom razdoblju kritički odnosilo prema nestručnim postupcima u struci. Kako ministar nije šumarski stručnjak, što i ne mora biti, očekivali smo da će se kroz predmetne razgovore informirati o problemima struke i djelovati na način da se isti otklone. Ako se on oslanja samo na savjete zaposlenika resornog ministarstva, onda uzalud čekamo promjene. Čitateljima prepuštamo da ovu primjedbu shvate kako žele, no od istine se ne može pobjeći. Neke izjave drvoprerađivača, pa i nekih ljudi iz Gospodarske komore, o zadovoljstvu daljeg podržavanja „raspodjele trupaca“ upućuju nas na zaključak da u šumarstvu od tržišnog gospodarstava nema ništa i da se i dalje nastavlja s „rasprodajom“ nacionalnog bogatstva i izvozom, ne visoko finaliziranih drvnih proizvoda, nego sirovine i poluproizvoda, a time i radnih mjesta. Fama o tome da će našu preradu drva spasiti jeftina sirovina i da će se tako osigurati veće zapošljavanje i izvoz, nastavlja se. Mi pak postavljamo opetovano ista pitanja: koliko izvozimo sirovine, a koliko finalnih proizvoda, i zašto očekujemo da netko teži visokoj finalizaciji kada dovoljno zarađuje na sirovini i poluproizvodima, bez velikih ulaganja u modernu opremu i visokostručni kadar. Za proizvod što ga izvozi nije niti jedno niti drugo potrebno, dok je za konkurentnost u finalnoj obradi drva upravo to najvažnije. Sukladno tomu slijedi i pitanje, čemu školujemo stručnjake prerade drva i tko će ih zaposliti? Odgovor je vrlo jednostavan – tržišna cijena drvne sirovine odredit će njenu finalizaciju, pa i potaći razvoj njenih pratećih djelatnosti (oprema, ljepila, okovi, lakovi i dr.), što u konačnici znači i veće zapošljavanje. Nadalje, u najavi potpore gospodarstvu/poduzetništvu ponajprije se spominje smanjenje, pa i ukidanje nekih parafiskalnih nameta. Začudo, među prvima je doprinos za općekorisne funkcije šuma (OKFŠ). Osnovno je pitanje da li je to parafiskalni namet ili općekorisni doprinos društvu u cjelini. Kada nekima, a ponajprije politici, bude jasno o čemu se tu radi, neće biti problema s plaćanjem. Simpatično je slušati TV spot „U šumi se možemo izgubiti, ali ne smijemo izgubiti šume“., a društvo svojim samo aklamativnim ponašanjem upravo ide u tome smjeru. U Zakonu o šumama navedeno je okvirno 15 općekorisnih funkcija šuma. One se mogu i povećavati, ovisno o prostoru kojega pokrivaju te namjeni. Postoji i Strategija EU za šume koja posebno naglašava potrajno gospodarenje šumom, što kod nas nije novo, već dugogodišnje načelo. Strategija izrazito potencira ruralni prostor, a potrajno gospodarenje šumom podrazumijeva ponajprije radove na uzgajanju šuma i zaštiti od štetnih biotskih i abiotskih čimbenika, odnosno aktivnu, a ne pasivnu zaštitu. U brošuri Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti Hrvatsko nacionalno blago, koju smo spomenuli u prošlome broju Šumarskoga lista, nalazimo također relevantne podatke o tlu (koje se teško stvara a lako gubi), vodi i klimi, bitnim sastavnicama šume. Ona ima važnu hidrološku ulogu, jer upija i pročišćava vodu u vrijeme kiša i otapanja snijega, kada je djelomično zadržava, a ostalo podzemnim tokovima ispušta u izvorišta i vodotoke, koje i u sušnom razdoblju puni iz svojih rezervi. Njena hidrološka uloga očituje se ponajprije u zašiti tla od bujica, erozija i vjetra. Kada bi se htjeli informirati što šuma glede erozije znači za naše krško područje, za ilustraciju navodimo članak „Protuerozijska, hidrološka i vodozaštitna uloga sredozemnih šuma“ Dr. V. Topić i Dr. L. Butorac u monografiji „Šume hrvatskoga Sredozemlja“, pa ćemo vidjeti stanje tla pod šumom i bez šume. Da bitno utječe na glavne faktore klime i općenito na društveni, pa i duhovni život čovjeka nije potrebno ni spominjati. Naravno, u ovoj rubrici nemamo prostora za detaljne podatke, niti prikazati sve općekorisne funkcije šume, ali čitatelje upućujemo gdje bi to mogli pronaći, ako to žele, jer neznanje kod donošenja pogubnih odluka nikoga ne opravdava. Uredništvo |
autori: Uredništvo | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Jelena KRANJEC, Marno MILOTIĆ, Marija HEGOL, Danko DIMINIĆ | UDK 630* 449 (001) https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.1 |
115 |
| GLJIVAMA SLIČNI ORGANIZMI U TLU ODUMIRUĆIH SASTOJINA POLJSKOG JASENA (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) |
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| Sažetak Poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) je trenutno jedna od najugroženijih vrsta drveća u Republici Hrvatskoj, pokazujući znatno pogoršanje zdravstvenog stanja u posljednjih nekoliko godina. Dosadašnjim je istraživanjima mogućih biotskih uzročnika na nadzemnim dijelovima stabala potvrđena prisutnost patogene gljive Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral, Queloz & Hosoya na nekoliko različitih lokacija. Kako bi se utvrdilo postoje li potencijalni biotski čimbenici koji utječu na odumiranje i u podzemnom dijelu sastojina, ovim je istraživanjem izvršena analiza prisutnosti gljivama sličnih organizama u tlu četiri sastojine sa simptomima odumiranja, s naglaskom na traženje vrsta roda Phytophthora koje su poznate kao patogeni šumskog drveća. Indirektnim metodama izolacije dobivena su 24 izolata gljivama sličnih organizama u ukupno 30 uzoraka tla, od kojih je njih šest identificirano do razine vrste primjenom molekularnih metoda. Rezultati nisu potvrdili prisutnost patogenih vrsta roda Phytophthora, već su pokazali da izolirane vrste pripadaju rodovima Pythium i Phytopythium. Iako su vrste navedenih rodova poznate kao patogeni određenih poljoprivrednih kultura i šumskih sadnica u rasadnicima, te često i u velikoj mjeri prisutne u tlima odumirućih šumskih sastojina, za sada se ne može sa sigurnošću potvrditi njihova uloga u procesu odumiranja. Ključne riječi: poljski jasen; gljivama slični organizmi; tlo; Pythium; Phytopythium |
autori: Jelena KRANJEC  Marno MILOTIĆ Marija HEGOL DIMINIĆ, Danko ŠL | |
| Ali DURKAYA, Birsen DURKAYA, Ali SABANCI, Sinan KAPTAN | UDK 630* 537 (001) https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.2 |
123 |
| EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON ABOVEGROUND AND BELOWGROUND BIOMASS STORAGE CAPACITY OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN MAQUIS VEGETATION |
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| Summary This study was carried out on the data obtained from 35 plot areas selected among the vertical distribution regions of maquis in study area located in Eastern Mediterranean region. The data were grouped in terms of altitude, dominant exposure, vegetation height, and mean age factors, and it is tried to reveal the change of maquis biomass depending on these factors. The data obtained shown significant variation and, for this reason, the mass values are expressed as mean values. The potential relationship between the mentioned factors and the amounts of stored biomass was examined by using t-test and variation analysis. The mean aboveground biomass amount was found to be 24,183 ton/ha, while mean belowground biomass that doesn’t contain fine root was found to be 41,062 ton/ha. According to these results obtained from mean values, the root/shoot ratio was calculated to be 1.7. Key words: Biomass; maquis; root/shoot ratio; altitude; exposure |
autori: Ali DURKAYA Birsen DURKAYA Ali SABANCI Sinan KAPTAN | |
| Kyriaki KITIKIDOU, Elias MILIOS, Panagiota PALAVOUZI | UDK 630* 582 (001) https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.3 |
131 |
| Development of an ensemble classifier with data from description sheets To classify forest stands in site qualities |
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| Abstract Aim of study: In this work, we tested the technique of combining the predictions of classifiers for the development of a single, ensemble classifier, in order to classify forest stands in site qualities. Area of study: We used data of the forest stands of Dadia – Lefkimi – Soufli forest (north-eastern Greece). Materials and methods: The variables that we used as input were the altitude, slope, age and canopy density. For the ensemble classifier development we applied the boosting algorithm. Main results: The canopy density was the most important predictor; topography which replaced altitudes and slopes was the second important predictor, while the developed ensemble classifier gave a percentage of correct classification up to 98.59% (for the worst site quality). Research essentials: If we consider that the initial site classification comprised over 70% of the Dadia-Lefkimi –Soufli forest area in the worst site quality, then the usage of boosting method for creating a collective classifier for site qualities in the studied forest can be characterized as fully successful. The application of this method using these input parameters do not need background information regarding the tree age and (or) other difficult to access information. Moreover, in a quite high degree, this site classification is not influenced by disturbances. The boosting method for creating a collective classifier for site qualities obviously will give far more accurate classifications of site productivity, if a more sophisticated scheme of data collection is used. Key words: ensemble classifiers; forest stands; site qualities. |
autori: Kyriaki KITIKIDOU Elias MILIOS Panagiota PALAVOUZI | |
| PRETHODNO PRIOPĆENJE | ||
| Matija STERGAR, Klemen JERINA | UDK 630* 156 https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.4 |
139 |
| WILDLIFE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT MEASURES SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT RED DEER POPULATION DENSITY |
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| Summary Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) is in many parts of the world ecologically important and highly popular game species. Its population densities and environmental impacts largely depend on habitat suitability, which in turn is under strong influence of humans. Wildlife management intentionally improves habitat suitability, while forestry’s impacts on red deer are mostly unintentional. In both disciplines the full extent of these impacts is poorly understood. To better understand habitat use and improve management of red deer, we studied the impacts of multiple environmental and historical factors, mostly anthropogenic, on red deer spatial distribution in Slovenia. We found that the probability of red deer presence and population density are higher close to locations of historic (> 100 years ago) red deer reintroduction sites and in large continuous forest complexes. The finding is important for forecasting future red deer distribution and population dynamics. Population density is also positively dependent on proximity to supplemental feeding sites, the proportion of spruce stands in pole-stage and the share of forest young growth, which is important for preventing unwanted impacts of red deer on forest. The approach used by this study and its results are also useful for improving habitat ranking of hunting grounds, which some countries use in wildlife management planning. Key words: red deer; habitat suitability; population density; wildlife management; forest management; supplemental feeding; Slovenia |
autori: Matija STERGAR Klemen JERINA | |
| Ljiljana KEČA, Milica MARČETA, Stjepan POSAVEC, Sreten JELIĆ, Špela PEZDEVŠEK-MALOVRH | UDK 630* 899 https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.5 |
151 |
| MARKET CHARACTERISTICS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS |
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| Summary The share of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is largely present in forestry, especially in the segment related to non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in Europe. They are also a dominant category in entrepreneurship in Serbia. Therefore, the subjects of this research were the companies operating in the sector of NWFPs, within specific statistical regions of Serbia. The database of SMEs was obtained from 119 SMEs and the share of surveyed SMEs was 81.5%. The main research method was two-step cluster analysis. Questionnaire was used for the purpose of the research. The aim of the research was to identify clusters in order to establish similarities within the defined clusters and the differences among them. Spatial distribution of specific categories of NWFPs in nature (mushrooms, medicinal and aromatic plants, honey and wild berries), contributed to the portfolio of the companies. This largely influenced clusters that are created by categories of products that are typical for certain statistical regions in Serbia. Key words: cluster analysis; forest products; spacial distribution; Serbia; market |
autori: Ljiljana KEČA Milica MARČETA POSAVEC, Stjepan  ŠL Sreten JELIĆ Špela PEZDEVŠEK-MALOVRH | |
| IZVORNI ZNANSTVENI ČLANCI | ||
| Erhan ÇALIŞKAN, Uzay KARAHALIL | UDK 630* 686 + 383 (001) https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.3-4.6 |
163 |
| EVALUATION OF FOREST ROAD NETWORK AND DETERMINING TIMBER EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING GIS: A CASE STUDY IN ANBARDAG PLANNING UNIT |
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| Abstract Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering terrain morphology and secondary forest road network. Additionally the forest road network in Anbardağ forest planning unit of Giresun province in Turkey was investigated considering forest road density and forest road spacing. According to obtained results, the forest road length was 226.34 km, forest road density was 11.74 m/ha, forest road spacing was 851.7 m and road coverage was 51% of the study area. Chainsaw–small size cable crane (36.76%) and chainsaw–medium size cable crane (27.94%) were selected as the most suitable timber extraction systems for the steep terrain study area according to our model. They were followed by chainsaw–forest tractor (23.52%), chainsaw–agriculture tractor (10.29%) and chainsaw–sledge yarder (1.49%). The results of this study showed that GIS saved a considerable amount of labor force, time and cost for the evaluation of forest road network as well as the development model for timber extraction system. Key words: secondary forest road network; timber extraction system; GIS; Turkey |
autori: Erhan ÇALIŞKAN Uzay KARAHALIL | |