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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2023 str. 56     <-- 56 -->        PDF

survival cannot be consider simply. The first year after field planting characterized by low precipitation level and higher average monthly temperature during main part of growing period in comparison to normal (June-September), so summer‘s drought was present to some degree regardless to observed local provenance. There is study which provides information about Q.pubescens seedlings sensitivity on drought regardless of the provenance (Wellstein, Cianfaglione, 2014), which confirms term that juvenile individuals might be especially sensitive to climatic extremes in contrast to older trees (Kreyling et al., 2012). Weeding control provides less competitive conditions for seedlings and more water and light, but in this study it was not conducted. In Mediteranian conditions noticed low influence of shrub cover on Q.pubescens seedlings survival, while grass cover had strongly negative effect (Prévosto et al., 2015). On the other hand, same study report high influence of competitive vegetation on seedlings height growth. One year old Q.pubescens seedlings with stronger H and D and mulching protected after planting in Mediteranian post fire shrub land survived more than 90% two-years after planting and growth was stronger in diameter than in height (Larchevêque et al., 2008), but in lower rate than in this study. Seedlings morphological attributes at planting time don`t necessarily correlate positively with field performance of hardwood seedlings (Jacobs, 2005), and it was confirmed in this study. Container seedlings survived better and showed similar growth intensity although morphological attributes were mostly weaker than bareroot seedlings which can be correlated with stocktype effect on field performance (Grossnickle, El-Kassaby, 2016). Large seedlings usually have larger competitive capacity and study on Q.rubra seedlings confirmed diameter influence (Morrissey et al., 2010), but in our study initial diameter were similar for both stocktypes. Numerous reports emphasize importance of weeding control (Ezell et al., 2002; Ezell et al., 2007; Dey et al., 2008) and more competitive seedlings (Wilson et al., 2007: Morrissey et al., 2010) for successful oak stands regeneration.
Conslusions
Zaključci
Seedlings morphological attributes at nursery stage did not show main influence on field success. Seedling stocktype was identified as principal predictor for survival and growth. Low survival level can be marked as a consequence of interaction between seedlings and environmental factors, including absence of weeding control and summer drought. There is a need for Q. pubesens seedlings improvement in nursery in order to be more competitive after field planting. Also, this study implicates earlier assertions for necessary weeding control in oak stands restoration and artificial regeneration in the aim success work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The paper was supported by the project “Identification and monitoring of the gene pool of rare, vulnerable and endangered plant species in the area of the Košutnjak Forest Natural Monument." financed by Secretariat for Environmental Protection of Belgrade (2019-2021), also as supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia according the Agreement with registration number: 451-03-47/2023-01/200169.
References
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