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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2023 str. 47     <-- 47 -->        PDF

Figure 4g, h), the highest needle length was found in MM and PS (Table 3g). Southern exposure was found to be also statistically the best. In needles of Pseudotsuga menziesii, the highest values of length and width were exibited in PP (Table 2, Figure 3h, Figure 4h, Table 3h). The largest needles (statistically approved) according to needle length and width were found on eastern and northern exposures, resp. In needle length of T. baccata, park BB was the best (Table 2, Figure 3i, Figure 4i, Table 3i), while in needle width PP was the best. Western and northern exposures were significantly the best, resp.
DISCUSSION
RASPRAVA
Abies alba, according to Jovanović (1967) and Janković (1973), is a sciophilic species (thrives in the shade), which agrees with presented results where the maximum values of needle length on northern exposure was shown, even though, according to Robakowski et al. (2004), young seedlings require somewhat more light. A. concolor is also a shade-loving species, however, it copes well with sunny locations as well and is a desirable park species (Jovanović 1967; Vukićević 1982). Presented results, since no statistical differences in crown exposure were found, confirmed statements of both authors. Furthermore, Mori and Takeda (2004) reported that branches of alpine species, A. mariesi and A. veitchii, developed more slowly in the shade. Needle masses per area of these species (results of current-year needles!) were lower in the shade. Cedrus atlantica is favorite park species which in the examinations presented therein exhibited variability concerning exposure. Its both heliophilic (Vukićević 1982) and xerotherm characters (Jovanović 1967), were not statistically approved in presented results, although on southern exposure needle length was the highest. Picea abies is a species that copes better in the shade (Jovanović 1967) or in partial shade (Janković 1973). The both opinions were approved in presented examination where higher needle length was found on northern, and higher needle width on western exposure. P. omorika, though a sciophilic species, it can thrive in the light as well (Jovanović 1967). In presented results its needle length had the highest mean value on the eastern side, but its needle width was the best on the northern side. It is important to notice that both findings didn’t have statistical support. P. pungens is also considered a heliophilic species (Jovanović 1967), which coincides with the maximum values found mostly on eastern exposure (presented results, statistically approved). Furthermore, needle masses per area (of current-year needles) of P. jezoensis (Mori and Takeda, 2004) was lower in the shade. Pinus nigra is a distinct heliophilous (Jovanović 1967; Janković 1973), as confirmed in presented results where maximum values were found on southern exposure, but it was not statistically confirmed. Pseudotsuga menziesii is considered a partial shade species and is successfully grown in forest cultures (Vukićević 1982). It was in accordance with presented evidence where the longest needles were found on southern exposure, but the thickest needles were found on northern exposure. Taxus baccata is a species that tolerates deep shade (Jovanović 1967; Janković 1973; Robakowski et al. 2004), and in presented results it achieved the best results on eastern or northern exposures (needle length and needle width, resp.).
The significant impact between light and shade on leaf mass per area had also been established in some tropical species (Martin et al. 2020) and other leaf physiological traits. It was founded that differences in needle morphology between parks could be consequence of tree maturation, too (quoted in the case of Douglas-fir needles, where length, width, thickness, and roundness of needles grew through the needle age, Apple et al. 2002).
Increased dryness and the poverty of soil led to decreased length and area of needles (Tyukavina et al. 2019a). Needle area of Scots pine forests in taiga was reduced in conditions far from optimal water regime, so consequences in changing the width and thickness of needles occured (Tyukavina et al. 2019b).
In previous study (Nikolić et al. 2019), for all investigated species significant differences in needle morphology (and anatomy) between species as well as between individuals were found, too. Our results is in accordance to general data which was well known (Vukićević et al. 1982).