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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2023 str. 31     <-- 31 -->        PDF

Pedunculate oak and other forest species form different plant communities in the area of Srem such as: communities of pedunculate oak and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxino angustifoliae-Quercetum roboris Jov. et Tom. 1979.), then monodominant pedunculate oak forests (Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris Horv. 1938.), communities of pedunculate oak, narrow-leaved ash and hornbeam (Carpino-Fraxino-Quercetum roboris Miš. et Broz 1962.). On the other hand, the associations of pedunculate oak and hornbeam (Carpino-betuli-Quercetum roboris Anić 1959.), as well as phytocenoses of pedunculate oak, hornbeam and Turkey oak (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris quercetosum cerris Rauš 1969.) are related with zonal vegetation (Tomić and Jović, 2002; Tomić, 2004). Appropriate silvicultural treatments are carried out based on the features of stand’s development stages. Planned rotation length of the pedunculate oak is 160 years. (Rađević et al., 2020). Considering ecological conditions, soil type, rotation period, and type of stand regeneration, the area of these forests is convenient to examine the influence of forest management on CO2 emission from soils.
The data of climate characteristics of research area was obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia (https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/) for the observation period from 1991 to 2020. The average annual temperature in the research area was 11.8 oC, while the absolute maximum temperature was 40.7 oC. The precipitation in the vegetation period (April-September) amounted to 355.5 mm i.e., 57.6% of the average annual precipitation (617.1 mm). The average monthly temperature was the highest in July (22.1 oC), whereas the largest amount (75.4 mm) of precipitation was recorded in June. The mean annual relative humidity is 76.4%.
Three plots, dimensions of 5x5m, have been chosen for research within the alliance of Alno-Quercion roboris Horv. 1938. in the Srem region. Experimental plots were situated within the regeneration area of oak stand in a non-flooded zone managed by public enterprise “Vojvodinašume”. All phases of regeneration cutting were carried out on this area, more precisely, all mature trees were removed, while the acorn sowing was conducted in 2020. The regeneration area of oak stand is divided on two parts (Figure 1C). The first smaller part (1) was not under pesticide treatments, while the rest of the stand was treated. In order to conduct the successful regeneration of pedunculate oak, the pesticides application was performed on the second greater part (2) of stand. During 2018-2020, before the acorn sowing, this part of stand was treated with Triclopyr and Glyphosate. The systemic selective herbicide (Nicosulfuron) and Propiconazole fungicide were applied after the sowing within the regenerated stand. Two plots were established within the first part of the stand, while the one plot was within the second part of the stand. The distance between experimental plots was about 25m (Figure 1C). The plots were located about 40m from the main road. Between the regenerated stand and road there is the poplar (Populus x euroamericana (Dode) Guinier)) buffer strip. Considering the plots are established close to each other, microclimatic conditions were uniform on all experimental plots. The values of soil temperature and soil water content were measured during the air sampling (Figure 3), and the average monthly temperature and amount of precipitation were obtained from the nearest weather station (Sremska Mitrovica) for study period (https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/), (Table 1).
The soil pits were dug on each experimental plot. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015) was used for the identification of three soil profiles. The soil samples were taken from topsoils (0-10 cm depth) in each of three profiles and used for determination of physico-chemical properties of soils. Particle size distribution (%) was determined by the international B-pipette method with the preparation in sodium pyrophosphate. Based on particle size distribution, soil textural classes were determined using Atteberg’s classification. Kopecky’s cylinders (volume of 100cm3) were used for the determination of soil bulk density (Bošnjak et al., 1997). Soil pH value was measured electrometrically using pH meter apparatus. The determination of organic carbon content was performed on the Elementar Vario EL III, while the CaCO3 content was determined volumetrically using Scheibler calcimeter. Physico-chemical properties of soils are shown in Table 2 for each plot.