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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2023 str. 30     <-- 30 -->        PDF

root respiration and heterotrophic respiration where microorganisms have the greatest role. The contribution of the soil macrofauna to total CO2 emission from soils is almost insignificant (Teramoto et al., 2019; Kuzyakov, 2005).
Key drivers of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from soils are soil temperature, humidity (soil water content), nutrients (C/N-ratios), soil pH value, land use, land cover, type and age of vegetation, local and regional climate, and hydrology (Oertel et al., 2016). Soil temperature and soil water content are the most dominant factors that affect GHG emissions from the soils (Fang and Moncrieff, 2001; Tang et al., 2003; Dilustro et al., 2005; Tang et al., 2006; Teramoto et al., 2017; Prasad and Baishya, 2019; Yu et al., 2021; Mühlbachova et al., 2022). Higher soil temperature leads to higher CO2 emissions and higher soil respiration, which is a consequence of increased microbial activity (Oertel et al., 2016). Soil organic carbon accumulation largely depends on the vegetation cover, where land-use changes affect soil organic carbon stocks and can lead to sequestration or emission of CO2 (Poeplau and Don, 2013). The conversion of natural vegetation to cropland and deforestation usually leads to loss of carbon storage in soils (Poeplau et al., 2011). Also, the use of some pesticides, dominantly herbicides can increase the emission of CO2 from the soil (Kara et al., 2004).
Anthropogenic soils are formed by human activity whose diagnostic horizons are significantly modified or destroyed (Capra et al., 2014). Anthropogenic soils, more precisely Anthrosols cover more than 500.000 ha in north-western Europe (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015). Nine-year research which was carried out in the northern Germany showed that Luvisol had lower microbial activity compared to Anthrosol (Dilly et al., 2003). Also, previously published research showed that the CO2 flux from urban soils is predominantly greater than the one originated from natural soils (Sarzhanov et al., 2015; Sarzhanov et al., 2017).
The sustainable management of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) forests refers to the successful regeneration of oak stands, as well as maintenance and protection of stands, especially in younger developmental stages (Rađević et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to examine whether the anthropogenic activity during silvicultural treatments has an impact on the increment of CO2 flux during summer period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIJALI I METODE
The research was carried out in the Srem region, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia (45o2’10.06’’ N, 19o13’1.29’’ E), (Figure 1). In this country, pedunculate oak forests (Quercus robur L.) cover about 32 400 ha, whereas the share of Quercus robur L, in total volume of growing stock, is 2.5%. The largest complex of these forests is situated in the Srem region, along the left bank of the Sava River, where pure and mixed forests of pedunculate oak are formed. In this region, alluvial hydrophilic floodplain oak forests are even-aged, but are also in different developmental stages (Banković et al., 2009).