DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2023 str. 25 <-- 25 --> PDF |
important factors, and is revealed various climate types. Vegetation can be changed by climatic differences in a very short distances (Duran and Günek 2010; Randin et al. 2009). As a result of this, some morphological and anatomical changes occur on the plants (Husain 2016). For instance, Hengxiao et al. (1999) report the changes of needle anatomy of Pinus yunnanensis Franch depending on the altitude. In this study, epidermal thickness and resin canal diameter showed statistically significant differences in upper (2000 asl.), middle (1850 asl.) and lower altitude (1700 asl.). Meicenheimer et al. (2008) examined the Pinus nigra Arnold and P. resinosa Ait. taxa in terms of needle anatomy. The authors determined the epidermal cell thickness varied depending on altitude. Tiwari et al. (2013) determined that the anatomical traits of needles are affected by environmental factors and they were directly correlated with altitude. In addition, they pointed out that the number of resin channels and the location of resin channels vary significantly when going from a low altitude to a high altitude. Similarly, the present study showed that the needles from different altitude levels of the research areas (0-300 asl., 300-600 asl., 1000-1300 asl., 1300-1600 asl., 1600-1900 asl., 1900-2100 asl., 2100-2400 asl.) had significant differences according to anatomical characters (resin canal diameter, endodermis thickness, and endodermis width) depending on altitude. Previous studies reported the morphological differences depending on the habitat conditions which was supported by anatomical studies (Niinemets and Lukjanova 2003; Lukjanova and Mandre 2006). Donahue and Upton (1996) investigated the Pinus greggii Engelm., in terms of needle anatomy and determined the significant differences between the populations of the colder northern part of Mexico and the southern part of the country, depending on the climate and altitude. Nikolić et al. (2016) determined the significant statistical differences on needle anatomy and morphology according to habitat, as a result of their morphological and anatomical studies on the needles of Pinus heldreichii in the regions of Montenegro and Serbia. Their study also statistically determined that the resin canal diameter and the width of endodermis were affected by both altitudinal and climatic difference. Bączkiewicz et al. (2005) examined the Pinus mugo Turra species in terms of thirteen quantitative needle characteristics (resin canal number, leaf thickness and width, feature of epidermal cell etc.) and they found that the populations were significantly different from each other, but the variation within the populations was low and similar, regardless of habitat types. Luomala et al. (2005) found in their studies about the needle anatomy of Scots pine that adaptations developed in the anatomical structure of the needle according to the habitat. The needle surface area and the needle width are affected by different habitat |