DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/2023 str. 68     <-- 68 -->        PDF

small with only red 1–3 mm long styles visible from greenish buds. The nuts mature in September, and they have edible kernels, with a taste very similar to kernels of common hazels (Corylus avellana L.). Nuts are about 1–2 cm long, surrounded by a thick, softly spiny, and bristly involucre. Three to eight nuts can be usually found together in tight clusters (Pamay 1992; Yaltırık 1993; Aksoy 2018).
The vertical distribution of C. colurna is between 100-1700 meters above sea level (Palashev and Nikolov 1979; Yaltırık 1993). It grows in areas where an annual average temperature is between 5-13°C and minimum annual precipitation 500 mm (Palashev and Nikolov 1979). Turkish hazel is a species with a high demand for light and moisture, which is thrifty in terms of its habitat requirements, like loamy soils. It creates strong root structure both vertically and horizontally (Yılmaz 1998; Polat and Güney 2015).
Hazelnuts are used in many areas of the pharmaceutical and food industry all over the world, especially in chocolates, ice creams, sauces, bakery, dairy, dessert, and pastry industry (Mitroviæ et al. 1997; Kaleoğlu et al. 2004; Özdemir and Akıncı 2004; Erdoğan and Aygün 2005; Amaral et al. 2006; Oliveira et al. 2008; Alasalvar et al. 2009). In addition, thanks to the substances it contains, the species is valuable for both its fruits (Çelik and Demirel 2004; Erdoğan and Aygün 2005) and leaves (Benov and Georgiev 1994; Alaca and Arabacı 2005; Coºkun 2005) in terms of human health.
Many studies have been conducted that elaborately reveal Corylus avellana (Açkurt et al. 1999; Kaleoğlu et al. 2004; Amaral et al. 2006; Köksal et al. 2006; Oliveira et al. 2008; Alasalvar et al. 2009; Bacchetta et al. 2013; Rezaei et al. 2014; Vujevic et al. 2014; Rovira et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2018; Król et al. 2019; Çetin et al. 2020). However, there are a few limited studies (Erdoğan and Aygün 2005; Ayan et al. 2018a, 2018b) in Turkey regarding the seed characteristics of Turkish hazel which is why this research was designed to comprehensively determine the morphological and chemical characteristics of Turkish hazelnuts in different natural populations in Turkey.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIJALI I METODE
Materials – Materijali
The fruits for this study were collected from seven populations in Turkey, during the October 2021 (Table 1; Figure 1). 3-4 kg of fully developed and ripe fruits was collected from 10-16 trees in each population.