DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu
| ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2022 str. 73 <-- 73 --> PDF |
site (Griffith et al., 1989; Yott et al., 2011; Apollonio et al., 2014). The location of the acclimatisation enclosure Jezerine in the Tara area was determined with the participation of numerous experts (from Serbia, Slovenia and Italy) using landscape structure analyses and the common phytocoenological methodology (Gačić et al., 2018). Based on these analyses, four hexagons (the area of each one is 50 ha), were selected, which are sunny during the winter with an average value of 1228 Wh per unit area of 25 m2. Their landscape structure is complex with over 1120 elements on an area of 200 ha, while the length of the forest edge is about 54 km on an area of 200 ha. There are pastures of good enough quality on natural meadows in the acclimatisation enclosure Jezerine. They were once mowed to feed livestock, and now various shrub species such as common hazel, blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), forest blackberry (Rubus spp.) and wild rose (Rosa spp.) appear on them. In addition, the scrub of common hazel is present, mostly as shrubs with several thin and several thicker stems from the stump. In the further surroundings, the share of areas under field crops and orchards was not large. The red deer released within the acclimatisation enclosure removed the bark of several tree species during spring and summer 2020 (Tab. 1). We believe that this can be explained by its significantly smaller total area than projected (3.63 vs 7.29 ha). In addition, in 2020, a higher number of individuals was released (n = 28) compared to the projected optimal number (5♂ + 15♀), which was then further increased in early June by five newborn calves. Unfortunately, there are no detailed data on supplementary feeding within the acclimatization enclosure, especially on the amount of maize suppled on a daily and/or monthly basis, so it was not possible to analyze the impact of this factor on the released red deer behavior. From 29 July 2019 to 30 November 2021, we obtained 41 red deer locations for the 74 released individuals from the acclimatisation enclosure in the area of Tara (Tab. 2). Approximately 42% of all location estimates were obtained from direct observations, 34% from GPS collars, and the remaining 24% from camera traps, footprints and damage by red deer. Mean straight-line dispersal distance differed between GPS points and other red deer records in 2019 (F1,18 = 288.76, P < 0.05), but GPS points were not obtained in 2020 and 2021 (Fig. 4). The dispersal distance for GPS points (4-year-old female) ranged from 17.30 to 24.23 km (mean ± SD = 21.89 ± 2.47), while for the other pooled records it ranged from 3.09 to 18.44 km (8.97 ± 4.30). The mean straight-line dispersal distance from the acclimatisation enclosure differed between the three study years (F2,24 = 5.55, P = 0.01). Red deer during 2020 (11.66 ± 4.61) dispersed farther than red |