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ŠUMARSKI LIST 7-8/2021 str. 7     <-- 7 -->        PDF

Uredništvo
Tko je kriv za loše poslovanje drvoprerađivača?
Who is to blame for poor business results of wood processors?
Riječ uredništva
Naravno, krive su po običaju Hrvatske šume d.o.o., kao što ovih dana tvrdi predstavnik Požgaj Grupe iz Velikog Bukovca. Naime, s dvjema tvrtkama Požgaj grupe, Hrvatske šume d.o.o. odbile su potpisati godišnji ugovor o kupoprodaji trupaca, uz obrazloženje da nemaju potrebnu tehnologiju. Bravo! Ovo je sa šumarskog, ali i gospodarskog stajališta, najbolja rečenica koju smo pročitali u zadnjih barem 20 godina. Zapravo nije im dozvoljeno „uništavati“ vrijednu drvnu sirovinu. O ovome problemu i tržišnom poslovanju, a ne poslovanju po načelu dogovorne ekonomije, pisali smo više puta.
Šume, vode i tlo najveća su bogatstva koje Republika Hrvatska ima, pa nije čudno što zaslužuju njenu posebnu zaštitu. No, razlika je između onoga što je propisano i onoga što se u stvarnosti čini. Šume su rangirane kao gospodarske šume, zaštitne i šume posebne namjene. U gospodarskim šumama siječe se prosječno samo ¾ prirasta, da bi se sačuvala „glavnica“. Prema tomu, nema mogućnosti povećanja sječe da bi se zadovoljili rastući apetiti svih drvoprerađivača. S tako ograničenim količinama drvnih sortimenata, posebice onima najkvalitetnijima, potrebno je racionalno i kvalitetno gospodariti, najbolje po načelu ponude i potražnje koje diktira tržište. Zašto? Zbog toga jer je to prevrijedan proizvod šume da bi se njime gospodarilo na primitivan način, na način da se ne poštuje njegova kvaliteta i uloženi trud za proizvodnju i osiguranje uporabe kojoj je svojom kvalitetom namijenjen. Za volontere, pojasnit ćemo što to šumarska struka radi.
Šumarstvo je gospodarska grana, koja kao i svaka druga grana postavlja ciljeve gospodarenja. Za šumarstvo to je proizvodnja najvrjednijih drvnih i nedrvnih proizvoda, potom svih onih koji osiguravaju općekorisne funkcije šume, u čemu bi osim šumarstva trebali troškovno sudjelovati svi korisnici. Ako krenemo od drvne sirovine kao predmetnoga šumskog proizvoda i načela da šuma mora biti vječna, uzet ćemo za primjer hrast lužnjak, našu najvrjedniju i očito najtraženiju šumsku vrstu. Nakon naplodnog sjeka, tzv. stabla sjemenjaci naplođuju šumsko stanište s gotovo 10-ak tisuća mladih hrastovih biljaka po hektaru. Naravno, ima tu i drugih vrsta ponajprije nepoželjnih na hrastovom staništu, pa je prvi šumsko-uzgojni zahvat njihovo uklanjanje. Potom slijede višekratna čišćenja, njege, prorjede uključivši strukturiranje sastojine i tako do novog naplodnog sjeka kada se kreće u novu obnovu šumske sastojine. Taj ciklus se ponavlja svakih 120-140 godina, dakle kroz tri do tri i pol radna vijeka šumarskih radnika i stručnjaka. Broj stabala je 150-170 po ha i prvi trupci stabala, ako smo dobro radili, trebali bi biti najveće klase, dakle furnirski ili A klase. Nakon toliko godina stručnog rada, umjesto oplemenjivanja te najkvalitetnije drvne sirovine i stvaranja dodane vrijednosti, naši drvoprerađivači najčešće to pretvaraju u primarni proizvod prerade drva, dakle piljenu građu i hvale se izvozom. Upitno je hvaliti se i s proizvodnjom parketa, što bi bilo u redu kada bi ga proizvodili u doradi, a to će reći od manje kvalitetne sirovine, što im dimenzije parketa omogućavaju. Oni ga mogu proizvoditi i od najvrjednijih drvnih sortimenata, samo taj sortiment mora biti plaćen po tržišnoj cijeni. No, onda je pitanje da li će glede cijene biti konkurentan na tržištu. I taj proizvod samo je „koračić“ od piljene građe, jer tu nisu potrebni posebni stručnjaci inženjeri i moderni strojevi, a posebice ne dizajneri koji nemaju što dizajnirati. Na TV najčešće gledamo ojastučeni namještaj i kuhinje od pločastog materijala, dok gore spomenute hrastovine nema gotovo nigdje. To nije pretpostavka, jer  imamo potvrdu s mjerodavnog mjesta.
Naime, novi predsjednik Udruge drvne i papirne industrije HUP-a u Večernjem listu od 23. srpnja 2021. hvaleći se izvozom kaže „da je dio finalne industrije konkurentan“, ponajprije proizvođači parketa, dok „u namještaju nažalost nema stranih investitora…više desetljeća naša industrija namještaja radila je tzv. lhon poslove za velike internacionalne trgovačke lance“. Nazdravlje! Nakon naših tvornica namještaja: „ŠAVRIĆ-a“, TVIN-a, RADINA-a, TROKUT-a, GAJ-a, DIP-a Delnice, FLORIJANA BOBIĆ-a, MOBILIJE i još poneke, ovo je sramota.
I da zaključimo! U tekstu EUROPSKOGA ŠUMARSKOG INSTITUTA I SVJETSKE BANKE pod naslovom „Pregled i preporuka za sustav prodaje drvne sirovine Hrvatskih šuma“, čitamo da se kod nas 93 % drvnih proizvoda prodaje administrativno na temelju dugoročnih ugovora, a tržišno samo 5 % (Poljska 89-90 %, Češka 96 %, a Estonija i Francuska približno 100 % tržišno). Hrvatska prodaje drvnu sirovinu po 20-30 % nižoj cijeni u usporedbi s europskim cijenama i cijenama u susjednim zemljama, što čini gubitak od oko 316 milijuna kuna godišnje (hrast 163 milijuna kn, bukva 105 milijuna kn, smreka i jela 48 milijuna kn). S obzirom na gospodarenje po načelu potrajnosti, s obzirom na kvalitetu i prirodnost naših šuma (čime je osiguran i FSC certifikat – od čega najveći benefit ubiru upravo drvoprerađivači) u odnosu na okruženje, mišljenja smo da je gubitak i veći od prethodno navedenog. Dakle odgovorna gospodo, prst u čelo pa razmišljajte malo!
<br>Uredništvo

ŠUMARSKI LIST 7-8/2021 str. 8     <-- 8 -->        PDF

Editorial
As usual, it is the company Croatian Forests Ltd, as the representative of the Požgaj Group from Veliki Bukovac has been claiming these days. In fact, the company Croatian Forests Ltd has refused to sign an annual contract on the sale of logs with two companies of the Požgaj Group, stating that they do not have the necessary technology. Bravo! From both the foresters’ and the business standpoint, this is the best sentence we have read in the last 20 years at least. The core of the matter is that they have not been allowed to “destroy” valuable raw wood material. This issue and market economy, contrary to business operations according to the principles of non-market economy, has been the topic of our column on several occasions.
Forests, waters and soil are the most valuable resources of the Republic of Croatia. No wonder, therefore, that they deserve its special protection. However, there is a difference between what has been set down in legal documents and what is happening in reality. Forests are ranked as production forests, protection forests and special purpose forests. Only three thirds of the increment on average is cut down in production forests in order to retain the “capital”. Consequently, there is no possibility to increase felling so as to satisfy the growing needs of all wood processors. Such limited quantities of wood assortments, particularly those of the highest quality, should be managed in a rational and economical manner, following the principles of demand and supply dictated by the market. Why? Obviously, because they are forest products of too high a value to be managed in a primitive way that does not respect their quality and the effort invested in the production and use for which they are intended. Let us just explain to non-professionals what the forestry profession is all about. 
Forestry is a branch of economy which, like any other economic branch, sets management goals. In the case of forestry, it is the production of the most valuable wood and non-wood products, followed by the production of all those products which provide non-market forest functions. Therefore, in addition to forestry, all users should also participate in the incurred costs. If we start from raw wood material as a forest product and the principle that a forest should be everlasting, let us take pedunculate oak, our most valuable and the most highly demanded forest species, as an example. After a seed cut, so-called seed trees provide a forest site with almost ten thousand young oak plants per hectare. Of course, there are also other species that are not desirable in an oak site, so the first silvicultural operation consists of their removal. What follows are multiple treatments of cleaning, tending, thinning and structuring a stand until a new seed cut should be performed in order to start forest regeneration anew. This cycle is repeated every 120 – 140 years, or in other words, through three to three and a half working lives of forestry workers and professionals. The number of trees is 150-170 per hectare, so the first tree logs, on condition that the treatments have been well performed, should be of the highest class, i.e., veneer logs or A class logs. So many years of highly expert work deserve better that what our wood processors most commonly do: instead of improving the wood raw material of the highest class and creating additional value, they transform them into the primary wood processing product, that is, sawn timber, and then they brag about their export. Bragging about the production of parquet flooring is also questionable: it would be acceptable if parquet was produced from lower quality raw material, as its dimension allows it. Parquet can also be produced from the highest quality wood assortments, but then such assortments should be paid at a market price. Whether the product would then be competitive on the market is another story. Yet, even this product is only a “little step” away from sawn timber, since it does not require specialists, engineers and up-to-date machinery, nor does it require designers who in such a case have nothing to design. What we see on TV is upholstered furniture and kitchen cabinets made of board material, while the oak wood mentioned above is nowhere to be seen. This is not just an assumption: it is a confirmed fact coming from a relevant source.
Boasting about export in Večernji List of July 23, 2021, the new president of the CEA Wood and Paper Industry Association says that “a part of the finished goods industry is competitive”, in the first place parquet manufacturers, whereas “unfortunately, there are no foreign investors in the furniture manufacture … the Croatian furniture industry has been doing so-called toll manufacturing for large international trade chains for decades“. Well done! After having furniture factories such as “ŠAVRIĆ”, TVIN, RADIN, TROKUT, GAJ, DIP Delnice, FLORIJAN BOBIĆ, ­MOBILIJA and some others, this is nothing but a disgrace.
Let us conclude! According to the text by the EUROPEAN FORESTRY INSTITUTE AND THE WORLD BANK entitled “A survey and recommendations for the wood raw material sale system in Croatian Forests”, it is stated that in Croatia 93 % of wood products are sold administratively on the basis of long-term contracts, and only 5 % are sold on the market (Poland 89-90 %, Czechia 96 %, and Estonia and France about 100 % on the market). Croatia sells wood raw material at prices which are 20 – 30 % lower compared to European prices and prices in neighbouring countries, which incurs a loss of about 316 million kuna annually (oak 163 million kuna, beech 105 million kuna, spruce and fir 48 million kuna). Taking into consideration the principles of sustainable management, as well as the quality and naturalness of Croatian forests (which has earned them the FSC certificate – of which it is the wood processors who reap the highest benefits) in relation to the environment, we believe that the losses are even higher than the ones mentioned above. So, gentlemen responsible for the issue, put your heads together and start thinking!
<br>Editorial Board