DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2021 str. 77 <-- 77 --> PDF |
How mycorrhizas can help forests to cope with ongoing climate change? Kako mikorize mogu pomoći šumama da se nose s aktualnim klimatskim promjenama Marina Milović, Marko Kebert, Saša Orlović Abstract The ongoing climate change have multi-faceted effects not only on metabolism of plants, but also on the soil properties and mycorrhizal fungal community. Under climate change the stability of the entire forest ecosystems and the carbon balance depend to a large degree on the interactions between trees and mycorrhizal fungi. The main drivers of climate change are CO2 enrichment, temperature rise, altered precipitation patterns, increased N deposition, soil acidification and pollutants, ecosystem fragmentation and habitat loss, and biotic invasion. These drivers can impact mycorrhizal community directly and indirectly. We discussed the influence of each driver on mycorrhizal community and outlined how mycorrhizas play an important role in the resilience and recovery of forest ecosystems under climate change, by mitigating detrimental effects of CO2 enrichment, temperature rise, drought, lack of nutrients, soil acidification, pollutants, pests, and diseases. Conservation of the overall biodiversity in forest ecosystems as well as providing the most favourable conditions for the development of mycorrhizae can contribute to increasing the resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change. Key words: mycorrhizal fungi, forest trees, colonisation, increase of CO2, drought Climate change and mycorrhizae Klimatske promjene i mikorize Global explosive growth of human population and overconsumption of fossil fuels in industrial era, caused exceeded emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Their effects, together with effects of other anthropogenic drivers, are responsible for climate change which has become the greatest threat and challenge for natural ecosystems and their services. Climate change, characterized by a decrease in cold temperature extremes, an increase in warm temperature extremes, increased frequency and amplitude of heat waves, as well as altered precipitation patterns in a number of regions around the globe, has emerged as one of the most important issues of our time (IPCC, 2014). Considering the fact that forest trees, through the process of photosynthesis, remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store carbon in the form of tree biomass in the process called carbon sequestration, forests and climate change are intrinsically linked, since forests have a significant role in mitigation of climate change. On average two-thirds of carbon in forests are stored in soil, where a great deal of it is protected against turnover because it is captured in form of soil aggregates or chemical complexes (FAO, 2006). However, climate change could detrimentally affect the growth and condition of forest trees. The severe impact of elevated air temperature and prolonged summer drought periods predicted by dramatic climate change scenarios, |