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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2021 str. 74     <-- 74 -->        PDF

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Sažetak
Konzervatorska vrijednost prekograničnog gospodarenja populacijama divljih životinja u Europi, koja je obilježila kraj 20. i početak 21. stoljeća, našla se pod velikim pritiskom od 2015., posebice u jugoistočnoj Europi, zbog izgradnje graničnih ograda kao odgovor na velike prilive izbjeglica/migranata. Primarni je cilj ovoga rada predstaviti podatke o izravnim utjecajima ograde na divlje životinje (npr. smrtnost od ograde) preko mađarsko–hrvatske granice. Prikupili smo podatke o smrtnosti životinja vezanih uz granične ograde (ukupne dužine 136 km) u prvih 28 mjeseca poslije konstrukcije. Ukupno je pronađeno 64 dvopapkara (38 jelena običnog, 23 srne obične i tri divlje svinje) upleteno ili uginulo zbog bodljikave žice. Uz to, predstavljamo izravne (fotografske) dokaze o novo zabilježenom ponašanju jelenske divljači, okupljajući se u velika krda koja pokušavaju prijeći graničnu ogradu između Mađarske i Hrvatske. Kratkoročni učinak granične ograde ogleda se u obliku izravne smrtnosti životinja, a isto tako i kao opstrukcije kretanju i ponašanja životinja. Ako postojeće ograde ostanu ili se nastave širiti duž sjeverne granice jugoistočne Europe, vjerojatno je da će fragmentirane populacije divljih životinja u regiji patiti od negativnih učinaka genetske podjele, poput gubitka alela i smanjene heterozigotnosti, što može izazvati dugoročno značajnije štete u vitalnosti tih populacija.
Ključne riječi: granična ograda, uginuće divljih dvopapkara, fragmentacija staništa, jelen obični, srna obična, divlja svinja, jugoistočna Europa