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Razzi 2011, The Statute of the City of Dubrovnik 1272). The very name of the island is considered to be derived from the Latin acrumen, acruminis (Skok 1950), which stands for fruit with a sharp or sour taste (Du Cange et al. 1883). It is assumed that the first introduction of citrus fruits in the area of the former Dubrovnik Republic took place on the Island of Lokrum (Šišić 1989a). In the context of cultivation on the island, the most intensive period is the one of the second half of the 19th century, when the island belonged to the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, member of Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty (1832-1867). The idea behind the acquisition of Lokrum was Maximilian’s intention to introduce the exotic species collected in different parts of the world, which, due to adverse climatic conditions, could not thrive in the far north of the Adriatic, in the park of Maximilian’s residence of Miramar (Dorsi 1986). The main idea was to carry out the introduction of exotic species within the natural autochthonous island vegetation, which would protect the exotics from the wind, salt sediment and temperature oscillations. At that time, it was a common practice in European imperial houses to cultivate exotic vegetation within protected facilities. A prominent European and Croatian botanist Roberto de Visiani made inventory of introduced horticultural species, evaluated those works at Lokrum as successful and gave references to continue the process (De Visiani 1863). After that period there are no published works on the theme of monitoring of the introduced plants form Maximilian’s time. During his visit to Lokrum in early 20th century, Hirc (1905) pointed out that the plants were brought from Italy, Africa, India, Mexico and Brazil. Adamović (1911) wrote about poor maintenance of Maximilian’s ornamental gardens. Neglected ornamental gardens from Maximilian’s period were also the topic of a landscape architect Arnold (1983) in 30’s of the 20th century, who emphasised the specimens of Araucaria imbricata and A. excelsa. One of the earliest typological classifications of gardens surrounding the monastery and Maximilian’s mansion placing them to the category of ornamental gardens, is the one dating from 1959, made within the vegetation survey of the Island of Lokrum (Horvatić 1959). Since the 50’s of the 20th century, Šišić took interest in Lokrum as both, researcher and landscape designer (Šišić 1968, 1989a, 1989b, 2001, 2003a). The comparative analysis of exotic species of trees and shrubs of Lokrum and Arboretum Trsteno was made in 1997 (Đurasović 1997), but he also included the species in the Lokrum botanical garden. In 2002, an inventory of species was carried out within the Benedictine monastery and Maximilian’s tower (Kapović 2002). Recently, horticultural and dendrological species within the monastery and the access section of Maximilian’s gardens were inventoried (own research 2018, 2019). The project of the cultivated plants cadastre for the entire island has also been recently initiated (Hudina et al. 2019). The objective of this paper is to use the available archival sources from the Trieste State Archives (AST) and Austrian State Archives (OeStA) in Vienna to create the first comprehensive list of horticultural species planted within the ornamental gardens of Lokrum in the period of Maximilian’s reign (1859-1869) and determine the extent to which the horticultural species planted in Maximilian’s time have been preserved until the present day. At the same time, this is the first research based on the archival data found on the species planted on the Island of Lokrum. For the purpose of this research, the horticultural species mean not only the lists of ornamental species of trees and shrubs, but also vegetables, fruits and herbaceous perennials planted in this period. Many of the ornamental species planted since that time belonged to the category of the so-called exotics. The phrase exotics or exotic species, which is not a botanical term or category, but a popular term, refers to foreign decorative species of unusual and attractive appearance, usually imported from tropical and subtropical areas (Kovačević 2012). For the purpose of this paper, preservation relates to the presence of the species, but not to its age. MATERIALS AND METHODS MATERIJALI I METODE Research area – Područje istraživanja The total surface of the island is 72 hectares. Due to its natural values, the island was put under protection already in 1949 as a Protected Natural Area, and in 1976 as a Special Forest Vegetation Reserve. The island belongs to Natura 2000 ecological network (HR40000017). Because of its valuable architectural heritage, the entire island was included to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1979, together with the historical core of Dubrovnik. The ornamental gardens with the species planted in direct vicinity of the monastery, are subject to the provisions of the General Urban Development Plan of the City of Dubrovnik, i.e. they belong to the zone A – complete protection of historical structures (Official Gazette of the City of Dubrovnik 10/05, 10/07, 8/12, 03/14, 07/16, 09/17). In terms of its climate, Lokrum is characterised by the climate typical for the coasts of the Mediterranean, subtype Csa according to Köppen (Šegota and Filipčić 2003). It features mild winter and hot, dry and sunny summer with precipitation in the driest summer month three times lower than in the rainiest month of winter. However, there are certain winter periods with stormy winds and heavy persistent rain and cold (temperature minimum for Dubrovnik is -7.0°C) (Makjanić and Volarić 1989). In terms of vegetation and geography, Lokrum belongs to the Eumediteranneran area of evergreen forests and macchia of the order of Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. (1931) 1936 (Ilijanić and Hećimović 1989). The natural forest stand of |