DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 7-8/2019 str. 66 <-- 66 --> PDF |
Newton, I., 1994: The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole–nesting birds: a review. Biological Conservation, 70: 265–276. Newton, I., 1998: Population Limitation in Birds. Academic Press, London. Pasinelli, G., 2001: Breeding performance of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in relation to weather and territory quality. Ardea, 89: 353–361. Purcell, K. L., J. Verner, L.W. Oring, 1997: A comparison of the breeding ecology of birds nesting in boxes and tree cavities. Auk, 114: 646–656. Redolfi De Zan L., S. Rossi de Gasperis , L. Fiore, C. Battisti, G. M. Carpaneto, 2017: The importance of dead wood for hole-nesting birds: a two years study in three beech forests of central Italy. Isr. J. Ecol. Evol., 63: 19–27. Rendel, W. B., N. A. Verbeek, 1996: Are avian ectoparasites more numerous in nest boxes with old nest material? Canadian Journal of Zool., 74: 1819–1825. Robles, H., C. Ciudad, E. Matthysen, 2011: Tree-cavity occurrence, cavity occupancy and reproductive performance of secondary cavity-nesting birds in oak forests: the role of traditional management practices. For. Ecol. Manage., 261: 1428–1435. Robles, H., C. Ciudad, E. Matthysen, 2012: Responses to experimental reduction and increase of cavities by a secondary cavity-nesting bird community in cavity-rich Pyrenean oak forests. For. Ecol. Manage., 277: 46–53. Rossi de Gasperis, S., L. Redolfi De Zan, C. Battisti, I. Reichegger, G. M. Carpaneto, 2016: Distribution and abundance of hole-nesting birds in Mediterranean forests: impact of past management patterns on habitat preference. Ornis Fennica, 93: 100–110. Sanz, J. J., 1998: Effects of geographic location and habitat on breeding parameters of great tits. Auk, 115: 1034–1051. Vukelić, J., S. Mikac, D. Baričević, D. Bakšić, R. Rosavec, 2008: Šumska staništa i šumske zajednice u Hrvatskoj. Nacionalna ekološka mreža. Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb. 263 pp. SUMMARY Conservation of the biodiversity of the forest ecosystems is becoming one of the priority issues in the forest management. Birds play an important role in the overall life of the forest ecosystem, for instance, as an important component of the trophic chains. Recent studies worldwide suggest decline in the population size and richness of the forest bird species, especially those nesting in the cavity of the forest trees. Special emphasis is placed on the secondary cavity nesters. In contrast to the primary cavity excavators, which are making a tree cavity by themselves, secondary cavity nesters for their nesting use cavities made by the primary cavity excavators or natural cavities formed by gradual wood decay process. In order to maintain bird diversity in the forests with a lack of nesting cavities, installation of the nestboxes is an important strategy in many countries. This applies mainly to young deciduous, coniferous stands, and monocultural plantations and areas afforested with exotic tree species. In this paper, occupation of the nestboxes in the young deciduous stands was investigated. According to some researchers, the colour of the nestbox and its height above the ground could be important factors of the nestbox occupation in some bird species. In this study, a total of 120 standard wooden nestboxes were used (60 green and 60 brown). Nestboxes were installed in pairs on a single tree, at a height of 4.0 to 4.5 m (“high” position) and 2.0 to 2.5 m (“low” position). On the first tree, the green nestbox was in the “high” position, on the next tree in the “low” position and so on. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of occupancy of the nestboxes with a respect to the colour and the position on the tree. Because of the intra- and interspecific competition, only one of the nestbox pair was inhabited. Of the total 60 nestbox pairs, 44 (73.3%) nestboxes were occupied; 35 (79, 5%) by a Great Tit (Parus major) and 9 (20.5%) by a Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Great Tits occupied mainly “green” nestboxes (88.6%), with no significant differences in the height position of the chosen nestbox. In conclusion, the colour of the nestboxes is more important factor than the height position on the tree during the occupation of the nestboxes by a Great Tit. Key words: Great Tit, Parus major, secondary cavity nesters, nest-box occupation, young deciduous forest |