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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2019 str. 53     <-- 53 -->        PDF

sediments transported in the control plots were the highest (1.159), while the lowest (1.097 and 0.991) were transported in the slash and wood chips plots, respectively. According to the results of variance analysis on the mean runoff rates, no statistically significant difference was found between the runoff quantities in the plots (P >0.05) (Table 3).
The difference between the suspended sediment quantities transported in the plots and the other variables was revealed by the t-test. There was no statistically significant difference among the suspended sediment quantities in the plots according to aspect (north or south), slope or tree type (deciduous or coniferous) (P >0.05) (Table 4).
CONCLUSION
ZAKLJUČAK
This study investigated the sheet erosion that occurs on skid trails as a result of industrial log skidding using farm tractors and the use of wood chips and slash to minimize the soil loss.
As a result of this study, the average amount of runoff in the sample fields was found as 6.32 mm/m2 in the control plots, 6.13 mm/m2 in the wood chips plots and 6.03 mm/m2 in the slash plots. The average amount of suspended sediment transported in the control plots was 2.58 g m-2, in the wood chips plots 1.61 g m-2 and in the slash plots 2.13 g m-2. In other words, it was determined that the amount of soil loss in the control plots was about 1.2 times higher than in the slash plots and 1.6 times higher than in the wood chips plots. In this study, the loss of soil carried by sheet erosion that occurs in the skid trails was reduced by using logging residues such as wood chips and slash. In this study, in order to reduce the sheet erosion on skid trails, wood chips application was shown to be better than slash.
According to the results of variance analysis on sediment amounts; a statistically significant difference was found between the suspended transported sediment quantities on the skid trails (P <0.05). The transported suspended sediments were the highest (1.159) in the control plots, while the lowest (1.097 and 0.991) were transported in the slash and wood chips plots, respectively. According to the results of variance analysis of the mean runoff rates, no statistically significant difference was found between the runoff quantities in the plots (P >0.05). No statistically significant difference between the suspended sediment quantities transported in the plots and the other variables of aspect (north or south), slope or tree type (deciduous or coniferous) was revealed by the t-test (P >0.05). There was no significant relationship between the two slope groups due to the small difference. If a greater slope group is attempted in next research, a significant difference may be obtained.
Of the study area with a total size of 8308 hectares, 41.79% is suitable for extraction work with agricultural tractors. In the study area, the hectare density and coverage areas of the skid trails were determined as 117 m / ha and 332 m2 / ha, respectively. Accordingly, the amount of sheet erosion occurring on the skid trails was found to be 4186.52 g ha-1 yr-1 as a result of the extraction operations in the compartments.
With this study it has become clear that logging residues can be used to reduce the sheet erosion that occurs in the skid trails after logging extraction. Apart from the use of logging residues, the rehabilitation of the skid trails should be carried out via planting and physical interventions to overturn the trail soil and, most importantly, skid trail density should be reduced and unnecessary usage of areas should be prevented by optimizing the layout of the trails.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ZAHVALE
This study constitutes a part of the Master’s thesis work entitled “Effects of Extracting Logs on Skid Trails on Soil Loss and Soil Nutrient Status” prepared for the Duzce University Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Forest Engineering. We are very grateful to the Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Commission Presidency and thank them for supporting this study (Project No. 2014.02.02.257).
REFERENCES
LITERATURA
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