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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2019 str. 22     <-- 22 -->        PDF

by Xyleborus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837), Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius, 1792), Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius, 1792). European norm for round oak timber EN 1316-1 is strict in regard of damage from beetles and in two highest classes Q-A and Q-B do not allow any beetle holes. Beetle holes in quality grade Q-C are accepted only in sapwood, and in lowest grade Q-D are accepted (FprEN 1316-1:2012:2012: E). From economical point of view this means that round oak timber can in short time sometimes if swarming is strong a matter of days loose 60 % of its commercial value. It sometimes means loss of about 200 € per 1 m3. All this emphasize importance of oak timber protection from our native and invasive ambrosia bark beetles. During period of our experiments we recorded in our panel traps presence of X. germanus invasive ambrosia beetle. Today it is abundant species although it was not registered in similar monitoring experiments before 2009 (Jendrijev 2005). X. germanus is Asian species first time described in Germany in 1951 near Darmstadt. In next decade it had spread and is viewed as potential primary pest (Gauss 1960). This paper presents dynamics of X. germanus in oak lowland stands during period of integrated oak timber protection research from 2003, its first occurrence in catches 2009 till 2011 near Zagreb Croatia.
Material and methods
Materijali i metode
In lowland oak stands methods of integrated oak timber protection were tested during period from 2003 to 2011. In that period pheromone baited panel traps were used for purpose of olfactory manipulation, trapping and monitoring of ambrosia beetle phenology. IPM® Tech InterceptTM panel traps were used because of their advanteges over Lindgren® and Theysohn® panel traps in Cerambycid and Scolytid trapping. IPM® Tech InterceptTM panel traps catch beetles from all four quadrants and are less susceptible to weather conditions and predatory entomofauna which can influence results of trapping (Czokajlo et al. 2002). Also because of different strategies that were used in oak timber protection from ambrosia beetles traps were not always active at same time of year. Use of panel traps and their efficiency was tested in different vegetation periods. Nevertheless they were always active in period when we can expect X. germanus swarming. IPM® Tech InterceptTM were completed with different attractive components in years of experiment. In 2003. panel traps were completed with lineatin that is known attractive component for ambrosia beetles (MacConell et al. 1977). In year 2009. for trapping in panel traps ETOH, GLV (Green leaf volatile) and Domowit-Trypowit D® was used. Same attractive components were used in 2010. and 2011. ETOH is known attractant for ambrosia beetles (Moeck 1970) and Domowit-Trypowit D® is commercially available product for trapping of beetles from Trypodendron genus. In year 2011 monitoring of ambrosia beetle phenology was conducted from early January till early June in that time Spectrum Technologies Inc. Watchdog® Weather Station 2000 Series was used for logging of temperature. Data from traps and weather station was used for purpose of establishing correlation between phenology (E.g. min. and max weekly temperature) and species occurrence. Throughout duration of these experiments panel trap catches were collected weekly and analyzed in laboratory.
Results and Discussion
Rezultati i rasprava
During period of trapping in 2003. 30 panel traps didn’t catch single specimen of X. germanus. In that year dominant species was T. signatum and T. domesticum (Table 1.)
Period of trapping in 2009. was the first time that X. germanus was caught in panel traps baited with ETOH, GLV and