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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2018 str. 59     <-- 59 -->        PDF

differ in numerous morphological traits, productivity, and fruit quality. In addition, almost all of the populations in the third group are of natural structure. The mentioned populations, from the North Anatolia Region (Black Sea Coast) of Turkey, are in general characterized with higher genetic (Villani et al. 1999; Mattioni et al. 2017) and morphological variation. Populations in the first and second group are both natural and grafted.
Miguelez et al. (2004) found that moisture contents were over 50% in chestnut seeds obtained from 15 different populations spread over Galicia region in Spain. In our study, the fruit moisture content ranged from 38.46% to 52.21%. Differences between these two studies are probably the result of different methodologies. In our research, whole fruits were used, while Miguelez et al. (2004) analysed only the edible part of the fruit, i.e. the kernel.
In our research, sturdiness quotient ranged from 1.85 to 3.20. Sturdiness quotient is a criterion commonly used for seedling quality classification (Bacon 1979; Aldhous 1994; Genç and Yahyaoglu 2007). The ideal value for a seedling to be considered as sturdy is less than six (Jaenicke 1999). Seedlings with sturdiness ratio greater than six were actually thin, tall and etiolated, while a small quotient indicates sturdy plants with a greater chance of survival, particularly on windy or dry sites (Takoutsing et al. 2013).
As a conclusion, specific east-west increase in fruit sizes in the chestnut forests of Turkey is probably the result of ecological conditions and human influence. Those findings are in the line with the result of the previously published paper by Villani et al. (1991). Authors concluded that human influence could have enhanced the genetic, morphometric, and physiological differentiation of natural western chestnut populations with respect to the central and eastern ones. In the direction of sustainable forestry principles, the stand structure of the natural sweet chestnut forests must always be protected, and applications such as grafting works can caused decreasing of genetic diversity.
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