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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2018 str. 58     <-- 58 -->        PDF

best distinguish, respectively. The spatial distribution of these three groups is presented in Figure 1.
Relationships among all morphological characteristics were expressed in a correlation matrix in Table 3. Accordingly, it was determined that there was statistically significant positive correlation at the 99% confidence level between fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness and 1000 fruit mass, and at the 95% confidence level between seedling length and sturdiness quotient.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
RASPRAVA I ZAKLJUČCI
In this study we analysed fruit length, width, and thickness, fruit length/width ratio, 1000 fruit mass, fruit moisture content, seedling length, root collar diameter and sturdiness quotient in eight sweet chestnut populations from different regions of Turkey.
Fruit characteristics observed in this study were similar to those previously reported for the sweet chestnut populations from the following countries: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey. Mujić et al. (2010) analysed fruit morphometric characteristics in four populations in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Authors reported the following morphological characteristics: fruit length (20.62-24.70 mm), width (22.11-27.01 mm) and thickness (23.60-26.80 mm). Furthermore, Idžojtić et al. (2009) and Poljak et al. (2012) researched morphological variation of sweet chestnut populations from Croatia, and revealed high degree of morphological variability. The highest values for fruit length, width and thickness were reported for the Mediterranean and North-Western Croatian populations. In a study conducted in Slovenia on phenotypic and genotypic diversity of sweet chestnut, Solar et al. (2005) stated that the average length, width and thickness of fruits obtained from 244 trees was 27 mm, 39 mm and 19 mm, respectively. Additionally, Solar et al. (2001) compared morphological characteristics of fruits obtained from sweet chestnut populations located in three different regions in Slovenia. Authors determined the following ranges: fruit length (2.5-3.0 cm), fruit width (2.7-3.4 cm), fruit thickness (1.9-2.0 cm,), and number of fruits per kilogram (85-152). From the established variables conclusions about the fruit shape can be made. It was reported that the nut width is larger than nut height in the majority of Croatian (Idžojtić et al. 2009; Poljak et al. 2012), Slovenian (Solar et al. 2001, 2005), Slovakian (Bolvanský and Užík 2005), Bosnian Herzegovinian (Mujić et al. 2010), and Turkish (Villani et al. 1991) populations. Likewise, we found out that fruit length/width ratio for Turkish sweet chestnut populations varied between 0.8 and 0.9. Ertan et al. (2007) determined high-yielding and good-quality chestnut genotypes within naturally grown sweet chestnut populations located in Nazilli district, Aydın province. Fruit samples were collected from 80 trees, and the following values for the fruit width, length and height were observed: 18.95-23.70 mm; 35.17-41.18 mm and 30.39-34.31 mm, respectively. Similar results were reported by Ertan (2007) were fruit samples were collected from 10 sweet chestnut accessions from 10 different areas, which were selected among 80 accessions at the end of a selection study for high nut quality and high yield among natural populations in the Nazilli district. In addition, in the same study leaf morphological and fruit chemical analysis were studied as well.
The mean mass of chestnut fruits from four populations in Bosnia-Herzegovina was 4.42-6.47 g (Mujić et al. 2010). The average nut mass for Croatian populations was 7.1 g and 8.3 g (Idžojtić et al. 2009; Poljak et al. 2012). According to Ertan et al. (2007), chestnut fruits grown in Aydın-Nazilli ranged from 13.45 g to 19.96 g. The average fruit mass values for Slovenian populations ranged between 7.1 and 14.3 g (Solar et al. 2001, 2005). Serdar and Soylu (1999) pointed out that the mean mass values of fruits from the Samsun vicinity in Turkey varied between 5.3 and 15.1 g. In addition, the mass of the nuts from six natural sweet chestnut Turkish populations varied from 3.4 to 5.2. g (Villani et al. 1991). Similarly, 1000 fruit mass in our study ranged from 3815.1 g (fruit mass 3.81 g) to 10516.5 g (fruit mass 10.52 g). Chestnut forests in Turkey have a high degree of variation. In general, in our study the smaller nut mass values were observed in natural populations with undegraded stand structure. Furthermore, decrease in fruit sizes from west to east was also confirmed.
The multivariate statistical methods revelled that the populations with similar ecological conditions and being close to each other were in the same group. Solar et al. (2005) and Poljak et al. (2012) stated that sweet chestnut populations are well adapted to the climatic and soil conditions, but they