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ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/2017 str. 53     <-- 53 -->        PDF

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Sažetak
Šumske ceste su osnovni preduvjet za održivo upravljanje šumskim resursima. Te ceste uključuju složene inženjerske napore, jer mogu izazvati znatnu ekološku štetu šumama i uključuju vrlo skupu izgradnju. Stoga pri izrada trasa šumskih cesta, treba uzeti u obzir i utjecaj na okoliš. Da bi se to i napravilo, geografski informacijski sustav (GIS) s tehnikama prostornog višekriterijskog donošenja odluka (S-MCDM) koristan je alat za izradu modela. Jedan takav S-MCDM je prostorno-integrirana tehnika preferiranja sličnosti do idealnog rješenja (S-TOPSIS). U ovoj studiji S-TOPSIS primijenjen je za integriranje ekoloških učinaka u izradu trase šumske ceste. Korištenjem sadašnje trase šumske ceste (CFOR) te S-TOPSIS metode na temelju GIS-a, utvrđena je ekološki osjetljiva trasa šumske ceste (ESFOR) prema ekološkim kriterijima. Za usporedbu korišteno je pet ekoloških kriterija (lavina, rijeka, tlo, geologija, nagib). Rezultati dobiveni iz analiza uspoređeni su sa sadašnjom trasom šumske ceste. Dužina CFOR-a je 15.385 km dok je ESFOR utvrđen S-TOPSIS-om bio 14.385 km. Da se razlike u dužini između dviju cesta pomnože sa širinom ceste (1 km x 5 m) rezultat bi bio 0,5 ha.
Rezultati su pokazali da ova metodologija može pružiti ekološki osjetljivu mrežu cesta, te može pomoći u bržoj izradi i biti jeftinija. Ovi rezultati sugeriraju da metoda prostorne procjene višestrukim kriterijima može biti točnija u smislu izrade ekološki osjetljivih šumskih cesta u planinskim područjima.
Ključne riječi: Geografski informacijski sustav, višekriterijsko donošenje odluka, TOPSIS, šumska cesta, ekološki osjetljivo