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ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2017 str. 57     <-- 57 -->        PDF

EVALUATION OF FOREST ROAD NETWORK AND DETERMINING TIMBER EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING GIS: A CASE STUDY IN ANBARDAG PLANNING UNIT
PROCJENA MREŽE ŠUMSKIH CESTA I ODREĐIVANJE SUSTAVA PRIVLAČENJA DRVA POMOĆU GIS-a: STUDIJA SLUČAJA U PLANSKOJ JEDINICI ANBARDAG
Erhan ÇALIŞKAN, Uzay KARAHALIL
ABSTRACT
Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering terrain morphology and secondary forest road network. Additionally the forest road network in Anbardağ forest planning unit of Giresun province in Turkey was investigated considering forest road density and forest road spacing. According to obtained results, the forest road length was 226.34 km, forest road density was 11.74 m/ha, forest road spacing was 851.7 m and road coverage was 51% of the study area. Chainsaw–small size cable crane (36.76%) and chainsaw–medium size cable crane (27.94%) were selected as the most suitable timber extraction systems for the steep terrain study area according to our model. They were followed by chainsaw–forest tractor (23.52%), chainsaw–agriculture tractor (10.29%) and chainsaw–sledge yarder (1.49%). The results of this study showed that GIS saved a considerable amount of labor force, time and cost for the evaluation of forest road network as well as the development model for timber extraction system.
KEY WORDS: secondary forest road network, timber extraction system, GIS, Turkey
INTRODUCTION
UVOD
Turkey has 22.7 million ha of close to nature forest area covering nearly 27% of its total land. Approximately 46% of the total area is on steep terrain with ground slopes greater than 40%. Hence, harvesting in mountainous regions has always played a significant role. (GDF, 2013). Forestry operations in Turkey are carried out at different parts of the country under different conditions. Only the best forest road networks can provide conditions for working in wide, scattered and difficult mountainous areas. Approximately 18 million m³ logs are transported via forest roads in Turkey, each year (GDF, 2013). For­est road networks were developed via manual methods in previous studies, while computer software and hardware have been used