DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagoðeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu



ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2016 str. 64     <-- 64 -->        PDF

effect on soil compaction. Soil disturbance and rutting from skidding operations are common consequence of soil damage on skid road. Especially, the rutting causes serious erosion problems during heavy rainfalls. After heavy winter conditions and spring rains, erosive power of the surface run-off can create damages on the skid roads.
Skidding operations should be planned to minimize soil compaction. Also, the appropriate machine types and machine sizes should be selected for skidding operations to minimize soil disturbance. In the plantation areas, the skid roads should be rehabilitee by bulldozer and grader. Thus, the risk of erosion is reduced in the years ahead.
REFERENCES
LITERATURA
Akay, A.E., O.Erdas, 2007: Estimating rut depth during skidding with a rubber-tired skidder. Suleyman Demirel University, Journal of Faculty of Forestry, A(1): 49-57.
Akay, A.E., J. Sessions, K.Aruga, 2007a: Designing a forwarder operation considering tolerable soil disturbance and minimum total cost. Journal of Terramechanics, 44(2): 187-195.
Akay, A.E., A. Yuksel, M. Reis, A. Tutus, 2007b: The impacts of ground-based logging equipment on forest soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 16(3): 371-376.
Alexander, A.B., 2012: Soil compaction on skid trails after selective logging in moist evergreen forest of Ghana. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 3(6): 262-264.
Ampoorter, E., R.Goris, W.M.Cornelis, K.Verheyen, 2007: Impact of mechanized logging on compaction status of sandy forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 241: 162-174.
Ares, A., T.A.Terry, R.E.Miller, H.W.Anderson, B.L.Flawing, 2005: Ground-based forest harvesting effects on soil physical properties and Douglas-Fir growth. Soil Sci. Am. J. 69: 1822-1832.
Dobek, K., P.Demczuk, J.Rodzik, B.Ho³ub, 2011: Types of gullies and conditions of their development in silvicultural loess catchment (Szczebrzeszyn Roztocze region, SE Poland). Landform Analysis, 17: 39–42.
Erdas, O., 1993: The effects of using skidders logging operations on mechanical properties of the soil and their biological consequences. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Forestry. 17: 1-10.
Gayoso, J., A.Iroume, 1991: Compaction and soil disturbances from logging in Southern Chile. Ann. Sci. For., 48: 63-71.
Greene, W.D., W.B.Stuart, 1985: Skidder and tire size effects on soil compaction. South J. App.For., 9(3): 15-17.
Gulcur F. 1974. Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İ. Ü. Yayın No 1970, O.F. Yay. No. 201, Kutulmuº Matbaası, İstanbul.
Jamshidi, R., D.Jaeger, N.Raafatnia, M.Tabari, 2008: Influence of two ground-based skidding systems on soil compaction under different slope and gradient conditions. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 19(1): 9-16.
Jakobsen, B.F., E.L.Greaceri, 1985: Compaction of sandy forest soils by forwarder operations. Soil and Tillage Research, 5(1): 55-70.
Kalıpsız, A, 1981: İstatistik Yöntemleri. Istanbul Universitesi, Yayın No. 2837, Istanbul.
Karaoz, O, 1992: Toprakların Su Ekonomisine İliºkin Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Laboratuarda Belirlenmesi Yöntemleri. İ.Ü. Or. Fak. Der. Seri B, Cilt 39, Sayı 2: 133 – 144.
Labelle, E.R., D.Jaeger, 2011: Soil compaction caused by cut to length forest operations and possible short term natural rehabilitation of soil density. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75(6): 2314-2329.
Lotfalian, M., A.Parsakhoo, 2009: Investigation of forest soil disturbance caused by rubber-tired skidder traffic. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(1): 79-82.
Majnounian, B., M. Jourgholami, 2013: Effects of rubber-tired cable skidder on soil compaction in Hyrcanian Forest. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 34(1): 123-135.
Matangaran, J.R., H.Kobayashi, 1999: The effect of tractor logging on forest soil compaction and growth of Shorea selanica seedlings in Indonesia. J.For.Res., 4: 13-15.
Melemez, K., 2010: Ergonomic evaluation of tractor vibration in forestry. Suleyman Demirel University, Turkish Journal of Forestry, A(1): 96-108.
Mc Lean EO. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties Second Edition. Soil Science Society of America Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp: 159-224.
Muntenau, H., A. Apafaian, 2015: Reviewing the soil compaction for cable skidders and animal traction equipment: Implications for the Romanian forets operations. Procedia Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, 2: 129-135.
Naghdi, R., I. Bagheri, M.Akef, A.Mahdavi, 2007: Soil compaction caused 450C Timberjack wheeled skidder (Shefarood forest, northern Iran). Journal of Forest Science, 53: 314-319.
Ozdamar, K, 2002: Paket programlar ile istatistik veri analizi. Kaan Kitabevi, Istanbul.
Ozturk, T., 2014: Productivity and Cost of Rubber Wheel Tired Tractor in a Northern Pine Plantation Forest of Turkey. Baltic Forestry, 20(2): 272-276.
Pierzchala, M., B. Talbot, R. Astrup, 2004: Estimating Soil Displacement from Timber Extraction Trails in Steep Terrain: Application of an Unmanned Aircraft for 3D Modelling. Forests, 5:1212-1223.
Schnurr-Pütz, S., E. Baath, G. Guggenberger, H.L. Drake, K. Küsel, 2006: Compaction of forest soil by logging machinery favours occurrence of prokaryotes. FEMS Microbial Ecol., 58(3): 503-516.
Senol, S, 2004: Parametrik olmayan istatistik yöntemler. Ege Universitesi, Fen Fakultesi Yayın No.190, Izmir.
Sudherland, B.J., 2003: Preventing soil compaction and rutting in the boreal Forest of Western Canada. FERİC, Advantage Vol.4, No.7, pp.7-8.
Susnjar, M., D. Horvat, J. Seselj, 2006: Soil compaction in timber skidding in winter conditions. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 27(1): 3-15.
Wang, J., C.B. LeDoux, P. Edwards, 2007: Changes in soil bulk density resulting from construction and conventional cable skidding using preplanned skid trails. North. J. Appl. For., 24(1): 5-8.