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ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2015 str. 37     <-- 37 -->        PDF

EDGE EFFECTS OF Pinus nigra FORESTS ON ABUNDANCE AND BODY LENGHT OF Ips sexdentatus
UTJECAJ ŠUMSKOG RUBA SASTOJINE Pinus nigra NA GUSTOĆU POPULACIJE I DULJINU TIJELA Ips sexdentatusErol #AAAKKUZU, Hidayet GUZEL
Summary
Ips sexdentatus (Börner, 1776) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one of the most devastating pests of coniferous forests in Turkey. The pest not only kills individual host trees, but also it can outbreak readily and cause great damage under favorable conditions. Distribution and damage of this pest vary depending on some biotic and abiotic factors (e.g. edge effect, climatic factors, and host plant). The present study investigated the edge effect of Pinus nigra Arnold stands on the population level and the body length of I. sexdentatus. For this purpose, edge effects of P. nigra forests on I. sexdentatus were studied at Kastamonu Regional Directorate of State Forests located in northwestern black sea region of Turkey in the years 2012–2013. Three factors (forest interior, forest edge, and forest exterior) were used to test the effects of forest edges on the abundance and body length of I. sexdentatus. A number of five study sites were selected to deploy Lindgren® funnel-type pheromone traps. Fifteen-unit traps baited with commercial pheromone Ipssex® were set in 5 replicate blocks of three traps per block. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Double bark thicknesses and diameter of the trees along the forest edges were significantly higher than those in forest interior; 2) The number of I. sexdentatus captured from forest outside and forest edge was significantly higher than those in forest interior; 3) Body length of I. sexdentatus was significantly higher on trees along the forest edges than those in forest interior.
KEY WORDS: Pinus nigra, bark beetles, forest edges, Turkey
Introduction
Uvod
Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are considered as one of the most notorious biotic agents that cause extensive damage to conifer forests. Most bark beetles depend on dead or weakened trees but aggressive species switch to healthy trees during epidemic outbreaks (Jurc et al., 2006; Rossi et al., 2009). Population density and attack severity of bark beetles in a forest vary with so many biotic and abiotic factors, such as, improper forest management, stand composition, edge effect, wind-felled logs, long-lasting drought period.
Ips sexdentatus (Börner, 1767) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), one of the most common bark beetle species of Turkey, is a Palearctic species distributed throughout Eurasia which is capable of breeding in many coniferous