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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/2015 str. 67 <-- 67 --> PDF |
THE EFFICACY OF A NEW PHEROMONE TRAP SETUP DESIGN, AIMED FOR TRAPPING IPS TYPOGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE, SCOLYTINAE) UČINKOVITOST NOVOG NAČINA POSTAVLJANJA FEROMONSKIH KLOPKI NAMIJENJENIH ULOVU IPS TYPOGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE, SCOLYTINAE) Petr Zahradník, Marie Zahradníková Summary The primary aim of this paper is to compare the efficacy of traditional set-up of pheromone traps (along a stand wall at a distance of 20 m between each other) and a new arrangement where the pheromone baited trap is placed in the middle of a stocking area with no space between single traps. A secondary aim is to find the best use of pheromone baits in trapping systems where: i) every trap is baited, ii) every second trap is baited, iii) only traps at the edges and middle of arrangements are baited. The results showed that the new organisation of pheromone baited traps is more effective than the traditional one and can provide a better tool for active forest protection in managing outbreaks of spruce bark beetles. KEKEY WORDS: spruce bark beetle, pheromone baited traps, spatial trap design, control. Introduction Uvod Pheromone traps for protection against the spruce bark beetle were introduced in the late 1970s to replace the trap trees which had been in use for the previous 200 years. The first mention of the spacing between pheromone traps, the safety distance, and also the first mention of the association of pheromone traps with minimum spacing appeared shortly after their first use (Bakke and Strand 1981; Regnander and Solbreck 1981; Eidmann 1983). With only minor variations, these same guidelines are still being used today, but without adequate support from empirical research. Research into the relative merits of different approaches to trap placement has been conducted in Scandinavia (primarily Norway and subsequently in Sweden) primarily using pipe pheromone traps (Bakke 1985; Bakke and Strand 1981; Weslien at al. 1989), but Central Europe soon switched to the barrier pheromone trap, either the window-trap (catching beetles from two directions) or cross-vane (catching beetles from four directions) (e.g. Brutovský 1984, Novák 1984; Vaupel 1991). Other approaches to pheromone trap set-up began to appear in the beginning of the 1980s and usually involved three to five individual traps over a smaller area with a maximum spacing of 1 m (Niemeyer 1987). Bakke et al. (1983) tested the efficacy of placing traps over these shorter distances |