DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu



ŠUMARSKI LIST 9-10/2013 str. 56     <-- 56 -->        PDF

combination of micro-hollows and micro-elevations. Coverage of the land with leaf litter and vegetation as the category had six elements: (1) covered with leaf litter, (2) grass vegetation, (3) combination of two previous elements, (4) without leaf litter or grass vegetation, (5) less presence of weed and (6) weeds more represented. Availability of water was reviewed through two categories: (1) available water, (2) waterless habitat. Quantity of wood remains (1) no remains, (2) medium quantity and (3) more remains present. Age of wood remains had three categories: (1) fresh remains, (2) medium-fresh remains and (3) completely decomposed. For this analysis was used the statistical program SPSS Statistics 17.0. Testing of the importance of the impact of particular ecological parameters was conducted by the analysis Cross Tab, by implementing of the method: Analyze/Descriptive/Crosstab and correlative connection Correlation, Bivariate Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Spearman, Test of Significance Two – tailed. Based on the examination of the caught species of small rodents (Table 1) was visible its significant representation in forests of beech and fir with spruce in Bosnia and Herzegovina. By conducted analyses was identified the existence of statistically important impact of particular parameters of micro-habitat at plots of all localities to the presence of M. glareolus and A. flavicollis (Tables 2–4).
At particular parts of plots, or small plots, the more significant increase of the openness of the surface has contributed to forming of rich layer of ground vegetation. The change of micro-habitat conditions in this sense also had positively reflected to the numerousness (abundance) of M. glareolus (Tables 2 and 4). The favorable impact to its presence also had the intensively developed floor of herbaceous plants in the forest which provides the necessary food. From the aspect of the protection, the dense vegetation cover provides to this species a safe shelter from predators, especially at dusk, and partially also during the day time. The existence of the connection between this habitat parameter and the presence of A. flavicollis was not identified. Such result was expected due to significantly different demands of this species regarding the habitat conditions. This species prefers a dry habitat with almost complete level of canopy, poorly developed layer of brush and ground vegetation and large quantity of leaf litter at the ground with plenty of beech seeds. Significant correlation connection was identified between the presence of species from the genus Rubus and bank mole at Mt. Bitovnja. Namely, Rubus species create favorable place for living of animals at particular micro-habitat providing an adequate shelter and during the ripening of fruits (July-August) also the plenty of food. Significant differences regarding the numerousness of M. glareolus were identified in comparison of numerousness at southern-exposed small plots compared to other exposures (Table 2), and numerousness at eastern-exposed parts of plots compared to the other (Table 3). The impact of the exposure as the result represents in essence the demand of this species for increased heat and light. According to the results of these researches, one could say that for bank mole are favorable habitats with micro-hollows (Table 3). High numbers of these animals are related to the presence of small hollows, or it indicates its preference for moist or wet surfaces of the habitat. There were identified significant differences in numerousness of M. glareolus and A. flavicollis depending on the presence of dead wood (Tables 2, 3 and 4). Different dead wood remains like: assortments, logs and branches, ensure shelter for these animals. It covers underground passages and nests, and, what is also important, indirectly, by growing of plants, moss, lichens and fungi on it, also provide food for it. Fallen trees help the inhabiting of insects and other invertebrates which represent significant share in the nutrition of small rodents. Identified impacts of the presence of different tree species and its structure, and the other parameters of habitat to the representation and abundance of species of small rodents can represent a good starting basis in creating the silviculture works and other activities in the forest, or the forming of conditions of stands unfavorable for their living.
Key words: bank vole, M. glareolus, yellow necked mouse, A. flavicollis, habitat factors, numerousness/abundance, Common beech, Silver fir, Norway spruce, forest, habitat.