DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
prilagođeno pretraživanje po punom tekstu



ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2013 str. 27     <-- 27 -->        PDF

Importance of Effective Clone Number in Seed Orchards: A Comparative Study on Seven Conifer Species in Turkey
ZNAČAJ EFEKTIVNOG BROJA KLONOVA U KLONSKIM SJEMENSKIM PLANTAŽAMA: KOMPARATIVNO ISTRAŽIVANJE ZA SEDAM CRNOGORIČNIH VRSTA U TURSKOJ
Behiye Banu BILGEN, Murat ALAN, Yusuf KURT
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin is one of the major plant diversity centers in the northern hemisphere. The Eastern Mediterranean Basin is also a hotspot region of gene diversity for conifer species. In this study, Turkey’s conifer seed orchards were investigated for their effective number of clones. The mean census number of clones (N) was estimated 33.12. The mean effective number of clones (Nc) was calculated as 27.59. The mean relative effective number of clones (Nr = Nc/N) was 0.827. The estimated proportional gene diversity was found 0.973, with a range from 0.922 to 0.983. Thus, considerable attention should be given to use nearly equal ramet numbers during seed orchard establishment and management operations. Threats such as climatic change, fire, disease and insects should be considered during seed orchards establishment. High number of populations from wide range of species should be sampled and seed orchards should be established locally depending on ecological requirements of species. This is also essential for sustainable management of forest genetic resources. Information both from phenotypic selection and molecular genetic analysis should be used to establish future seed orchards.
Key words: climatic change, effective clone number, gene diversity, ramet variation, seed orchard
Introduction
Uvod
The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 233 ecological regions and five Mediterranean bioclimatic areas (California-Baja California, Chile, South Africa, Australia and Mediterranean Basin) based on its plant biodiversity (Leone and Lovreglio 2004, Underwood et al. 2009). It is not only one of the world’s major centers for plant diversity, but also has a relatively high number of forest tree species. More than 100 tree species can be found on the Mediterranean Basin that occupies about 1.8% of worldwide forest lands (Fady-Welterlen 2005). One of the important components of plant diversity in the Mediterranean Basin is conifer species. The conifer flora of the Mediterranean region, main species being Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus nigra Arnold, contains 10 pine species that cover totally 13.106 ha area which represents 5% of the total Mediterranean Basin area (Leone and Lovreglio 2004).