DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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D. Kajba, J. Domac, V. Šegon: ESTIMATION OF SHORT ROTATION CROPS POTENTIAL IN THE REPUBLIC ... Šumarski list br. 7–8, CXXXV (2011), 361-370 2. The GIS format (spatial unit) of the data available within the Basic pedological map of Croatia is an old format and is not compatible with other GIS data for Croatia. Specifically, the basic spatial unit used in most cases for GIS modelling in Croatia is the level of municipalities (550 entries for Croatia) or settlements (6736 entries).An example of such modelling is the application of the WISDOM methodology and tool (developed by FAO) to Croatia, which contains detailed data on the supply and demand of forest biomass (Domac and Trossero 2004). On the contrary, the Basic pedological map of Croatia uses spatial units according to land types, thus it is not possible to directly include and apply the information within the pedological map in other GIS data. However, the update and harmonisation of the Basic pedological map of Croatia represents an extensive work and is not within scope of BEE project, but this update is potentially interesting for possible future projects. Current status of biomass and energy crops utilisation in Croatia Trenutno stanje iskorištavanja brzorastućih nasada u Hrvatskoj Energy production from biomass, except for fuel- wood and wood-processing industry waste, has not been used in a larger scale so far in Croatia. By establishment of intensive plantations of fast-growing broadleaved forest tree species on lands that are abandoned or where agricultural production is not profitable, which in Croatia are estimated to cover approximately 50 000 ha, it is possible to start solving global but also many local problems in a positive direction. The soft broadleaved species plantations in short rotations can be established as energy plantations (biomass production for energy, biomass dry matter, biochemical and thermochemical biomass conversion, plantations for wood chips and pulpwood production). These endeavours are in line with both the world trends for better utilisation of energy sources and the biomass energy utilisation strategy of the national energy programme BIOEN (Domac et al., 1998, 2001, 2004). Additional benefits could be numerous socio-economic positive aspects of bioenergy plantations and biomass use (employment, additional income, increase of economic activity, rural diversification and others). The current status of short rotation crops in Croatia is still at an early development phase.As described in the introduction, considerable research activities have been undertaken by relevant institutions (Faculty of Forestry University of Zagreb, Forestry Institute and others) with the main objective to find genotypes Sustainability issues in Croatia The main sustainability issues regarding short rotation energy crops utilisation in Croatia are related to environmental considerations, specifically the Natura 2000.As described in the chapterTechnical potential these issues have been taken into consideration when assessing the technical potential for energy crops in Croatia. Other sustainability issues, especially regarding socio-economic sustainability, were not possible to be included in the short energy crops potential assessment. The BEE Methods Handbook (Vis 2011) pro- which, with minimum nutrients, will produce the maximum quantity of biomass.This involves selecting, by means of the research, the most productive clone, giving maximum biomass production, and, thus, ensuring its participation in the primary energy consumption as well as in other forms of utilising the biomass of fast- growing forest trees. According to the results of the field and laboratory research, the genetic differentiation of tested clones with respect to biomass production in fresh and dry matter has been determined. The multiclonic approach in poplar and willow plantations is being practiced in the Republic of Croatia.The clone arrangement is mosaic. For the purpose of the exact identification of single clones in the nursery reproduction, as well as in the planting on the ground, the plans are being kept.All the poplar and willow selected clones are entered into the live archives in order to preserve the selected material through the ‘ex situ’method, and for the indentification of particular clones. The selection of the arborescent willows (Salixsp.) has been carried out in the natural populations on the area of Croatia. The plant breeding was done in the intra- and interspecies species hybridization. Establishing of the SRC plantations in short rotations can be established as biomass production for energy, biomass dry matter, biochemical and thermochemical biomass conversion, plantations for wood chips and pulpwood production. –Aspekti održivosti u Hrvatskoj vides detailed explanations and illustrations on the issues and difficulties in including socio-economic sustainability parameters in biomass potential assessment. In essence, the main problem lies in the fact that social issues are not possible to be defined and quantified without taking into account the local context, i.e. without obtaining feedback from local stakeholders. |