DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 7-8/2010 str. 83 <-- 83 --> PDF |
M. Glavendekić: PARASITOIDS AND HYPERPARASITOIDS OF ERANNIS DEFOLIARIACL. ... Šumarski list br. 7–8, CXXXIV (2010), 403-410 sion, the above tachinid parasitized 69% of host caterpillars. Parasitoids are mainly dependent on the stage of caterpillars; Braconidae and Chalcidoidaea prefer the younger stages, while Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae more often attack the third instars and older caterpillars. Some of hyperparasitoids are very broad polyphages (G. areator,Habrocytus chrysos, andPediobius folio rum), so they were the subject of the study of the parasitoid complex of various hosts: gypsy moth, brown-tail moth, leaf rollers, etc.As it can be concluded from the above study results, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids are predominantly polyphagous. Population density ofE.defoliariadepends largely on its natural enemies, because they have a significant influence on the population reduction. CONCLUSIONS – Zaključci 1. The parasitoids in the following families were recorded on E. defoliaria: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Torymidae, Trichogrammatidae, Scelionidae andTachinidae. There are altogether 16 species reared from various stages of the host. 2. Abundance of parasitoids depends on the phase of host outbreak. In the phase of culmination, the markedly dominant species areTachinidae; the abundance of Eulophiadae is elevated, while Ichneumonidae dominate in the latency. 3. Regarding their trophic characteristics, they are mainly polyphagous with a wide spectre of hosts in the group winter moths and order Lepidoptera. 4. Total parasitism of winter moths in natural conditions varied from 16,33% to 33%.Total parasitism in exposed conditions was from 27,27% to 43,75%. 5. Five species of hyperparasitoids ofE. defoliariafall into the families Ichneumonidae,Perilampidae, Pteromalidae and Eulophidae and they are polyphagous species. 6. Recorded parasitoid-hyperparasitoid complex is related to the host species in the belt of oak forests. This indicates their co-evolutive relationship. The coevolution between parasitoids and hyperparasitoids toE. defoliariaoffers an ideal theoretic foundation for the biological control. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT– Zahvala I would like to acknowledge tothank Prof. Dr. K. tification of particular species. Financial support for Horstmann, Prof. Dr. J. Kolarov, Prof. Dr. L. Mihajlo-the research was given by Ministry of Sciences and vić, Dr. Kozlov, Dr. Čapek and Dr.Tschorsnig for iden-Technologies Republic of Serbia. REFERANCES– Literatura Čapek,M., 1985: Lumčíky (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) ako parazity hmyzových lesných škodcov. Lesnícky časopis Ročník 31, Čislo 3: 199–212, Bratislava. Čapek,M., J. Čepelak, 1981: Zoznam parazitov dochovanych z hmyzich škodcovVII.Tachiny a masisrky. Ročnik 27, čislo 4, 321–332, Bratislava. Djorović,Đ., 1980: Karakteristike i struktura biocenotičkog kompleksa defolijatora iz redaLepidoptera u hrastovim šumama Kosova. Disertacija, Šumarski fakultet Beograd. Embre, D.G., 1966:The role of Introduced parasites in the Control of theWinter Moth in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent.,Vol. 98:1159–1168, Ottawva. Glavendekić, M., 1992: Pojava jajnog parazitoida mrazovaca (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) u Severnoj Bavarskoj. Glasn. Šum. fak., br. 74 (1), str. 97–102,Beograd. Glavendekić,M., 1988: Biološkaiekološkaproučavanjadefolijatorahrastaizgrupemrazovaca( Lepidoptera: Geometridae) u šumama okoline Beograda. Magisterij, Šumarski fakultet Beograd. Glavendekić, M., 1999: Zemljomerke-mrazovci (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) u hrastovim šuma ma i njihovi najvažniji prirodni neprijatelji. Diser tacija. Šumarski fakultet Beograd. Glavendekić, M., A. Gruppe, 1992: Telenomus minutusRatzb. (Hym., Scelionidae) als Eiparasitoid der Frostspanner Operophtera brumata L. und O. fagata Scharf. (Lep., Geometridae) in Nordbayern. J. Appl. Ent. Vol. 113: 265–270, Berlin. Harapin,M., 1992: Primjena biotičkih metoda suzbijanja štetnih insekata u šumarstvu. Glas. Šum. fak. br. 74: 141–149., Beograd. Herting,B., 1965: Die Parasiten der in Nordwestdeutschland an Obstbäumen und Laubholz schädlich auftretenden Spanner- und Eulenraupen (Lep.: Geometridae, Noctuidae, Thyatiridae). Zeit. für ang. Ento.,Vol. 55 (3): 236–263, Berlin. Herting,B., 1976:ACatalogue of Parasites and Predators ofTerrestrial Arthropods. Sec.A. Host or Prey/Enemy, Volume VII, Lepidoptera, Part 2 (Macrolepidoptera). CAB: 133–155. London. Klepac,D., I.Spaić,1965: Utjecaj nekih defolijatora na debljinski prirast hrasta lužnjaka. Šumarski list, br. 3/4, Zagreb. ......, .. ..,.. .. ........, 1983: .......... ..... .... (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae). ............ .. ..... ...., .......... ............. .......... ... ..... .... ...., “.....”, .......... |