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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2009 str. 96     <-- 96 -->        PDF

D. Konjević, U. Kierdorf, V. Njemirovskij, Z. Janicki, A. Slavica, K. Severin: PATOLOGIJA KLJOVA VEPRA: ... Šumarski list br. 5–6, CXXXIII (2009), 319-326
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SUMMARY: The wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) is an autochthonous game species
in large parts of Europe. Their dental formula comprises 44 teeth resembling
closely to the primitive full Eutherian formula. Wild boar tusks are
continuously growing maxillar and mandibular canines of male boars. Their
large size and the fact that they are protruding from the oral cavity makes
them particularly prone to different traumatic impacts. However, due to their
enormous defensive and growth potential, tusks can survive broad spectrum of
pathological conditions. All mentioned together with the fact that wild boar
tusks are preserved as trophies for longer time makes them extremely suitable
for studying the dental pathologies. On the other hand, their value as trophies
can be restrictive for application of invasive analytic tools. Therefore, we
briefly introduce application of computed tomography as tool for virtual analysis.
Up to now, a broad spectrum of wild boar tusk pathologies were reported
in the literature, including complete and incomplete intra- and
extra-alveolar fractures, early trauma to the developing tooth, creation of the
duplicate growth zones, deposition of the dentinal bridges with consequent
necrosis of the pulp proximal to the bridge, supernumerary teeth, deposition
of tetracycline into hard dental tissues, etc. One mandibular tusk showed marked
signs of resorption apically, suggesting a spread of the inflammation from
the pulp into the periodontium. By reviewing the known models of the reparation
of the teeth of limited growth and by comparing these models with continuously
growing teeth, one can gain real insight about sources and potential
of reparation of the wild boar tusks. The reparative potential of every tooth is
composed from possibilities to reconstruct hard dental tissues, to separate infected
from intact part and to resist bacterial invasion of the dental pulp. The
continuously growing teeth poses potential to deposit not only dentine and cementum,
but also their ameloblast at the apical part remains active during the
whole life. The potential of tertiary dentine formation is significantly higher
than in tooth of limited growth. Their wide conical pulp and large blood supply
ensures constant presence of sufficient amounts of immune cells. And finally,
recent findings of stem cells in the growth zone of rodent incisors implies
on the possibility that stem cells could be present at the growth zone of wild
boar tusks also. Their presence allows de-novo formation of previously destructed
odontoblasts and ameloblasts through the process of differentiation.


Key words: wild boar, tusks, continuous growth, pathology, reparative
potential