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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/2007 str. 44     <-- 44 -->        PDF

D. Ballian, F. Bogunić, G. Božić: GENETIČKA VARIJABILNOST OBIČNE SMREKE ... Šumarski list br. 5-6, CXXXI (2007), 237-246
SUMMARY: In this study we have carried out the molecular genetic identification
of a part of natural populations of spruce in Central Dinaric Alps,
in a broader area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the approve isoenzyme
markers.


By usage of 13 enzyme systems we studied the genetic variability at the level
of biochemical markers. In the studied populations we obtained high values
of heterozygosis which proves that the studied populations, over the
adaptation period in diverse ecological circumstances, have not lost much of
their adaptability. Therefore, the populations from this area showed better
adaptability than the populations from central European area, since they possess
higher genetic variability, with the exception of the population of Vlašić,
which by its genetic structure shows it does not belong to the autochthonous
genetic resources of spruce from Bosnia and Herzegovina.


We carried out the analysis at 20 polymorphous loci, with 73 allele, and
we obtained an average number of analyzed allele per locus, which varied
between 1,80 and 2,60.The analysis thus confirmed the existence of major variability
within populations, and for gene locus GOT – C the existence of clinal
variability.


The genetic multi-loci diversity varied between 27,5 and 37,0, and the gene
pool diversity from 1,277 to 1,380, while a mean allele distance varied
from 0,18 % to 2,06 %, thus confirming that there exists the relationship between
genetic and geographic distances between the studied populations, with
the exception of Vlašić.


In order to preserve the natural genetic resources of spruce in Bosnia and
Herzegovina it would be necessary to establish a dense network of gene banks
in situ and ex situ (seed systems, seed zones and seed plantations), necessary
to preserve the genetic diversity within populations. Based on the studies that
were carried out, it would mean that each significant ecological niche for
spruce should have its gene bank with corresponding number of units, in order
to preserve ecological and physiological identity of the populations.


In management of natural spruce forests, and their renovation, an advantage
should, however, be given to their natural renewal, with constant monitoring
of the genetic structure, which would enable us to undertake timely
measures in preservation of optimal natural genetic diversity which is typical
for each population.


Key words: Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.), isoenzyme, populations,
variability