DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 87 <-- 87 --> PDF |
PRESENTATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM Šumarski list SUPLF.MhNT (2005), 78-89 LARIX FOREST CABLEWAYS - IMPLEMENT OF NATURE ORIENTED SILVICULTURE, ESPECIALLY IN SOIL EROSION CONTROL Premysl HOREK, Pavel MAUER, Lubomir NOVAK* ABSTRA CT: The present trend of ecologically oriented European forestry changes conditions for the selection of logging operations with the criterion of friendliness to forest environment becoming main parameter. Approximately 80 % of damage to soil, standing trees and advance growth in the course of logging process fall to the operation of skidding-timber transportation from the stand to main forest road. Environment-friendly skidding operation, which skyline yarding undoubtedly is, therefore represents an ecologocical method of timber harvesting. Last but not least, forest soils are not disturbed by compression and abrasion. Selection under shelterwood system is now given preference over clearcut regeneration logging in order to reduce the size of clearcut elements in Czech forests and to force in finer systems of forest management. Shelterwood system works with natural regeneration under favourable natural conditions and the modern design of the forest cableway is used for this purpose in difficult terrains of all kinds for generally environment-friendly skyline skidding. Model work procedures including the principles necessary to achieve the objectives of the forest stand natural regeneration with the use of skyline logging by several types of LARIX forest cableway systems can be demonstrated on the example of a long-term successful natural regeneration of beech stands at the Masaryk Forest Training Forest Enterprise Krtiny, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, carried out with no damage to the standing trees or soil. Key words: environment-friendly forestry, mechanization of logging and skidding operations, Larix forest cableway systems, soil erosion control. 1. INTRODUCTION There arc 3 objective reasons in the Czech Republic 2. There arc about 90 forest cableways of different tythat are going to accelerate the development of cable-pes known to be in operation at the present time and way skidding technologies. The reasons are as follows: most of them are of obsolete design. Modern cable ways of domestic production (type LARIX) gradu 1. In 2000, the fellings of rough timber first got over ally begin to win the local market since 1996. 15 mil. m3 but the volume of timber skidded by cableways did not exceed 300 thousand m3. The latter 3. The changing conditions of forest management put is only 2 % of the total with the terrains of gradients an ever greater emphasis on forest-friendly (mild) over 40 % and terrains with unsuitable carrying calogging technologies and there is no doubt that the pacity for tractors (peatlands) representing at least cableway timber skidding is one of the mildest met10 % of the total forest area. hods. The changing conditions of Czech forests include * Premysl Horek, Pavel Maucr, Lubomir Novak the shrinking size of clear-felling elements, advocation Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno of milder and more forest-friendly methods of mana Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest at Krtiny C´Z 679 05 Krtiny 175, Czech Republic gement, i.e. that the shelterwood selection is winning |