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ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 87     <-- 87 -->        PDF

PRESENTATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
Šumarski list SUPLF.MhNT (2005), 78-89


LARIX FOREST CABLEWAYS - IMPLEMENT OF NATURE
ORIENTED SILVICULTURE, ESPECIALLY
IN SOIL EROSION CONTROL


Premysl HOREK, Pavel MAUER, Lubomir NOVAK*


ABSTRA CT: The present trend of ecologically oriented European forestry
changes conditions for the selection of logging operations with the criterion
of friendliness to forest environment becoming main parameter. Approximately
80 % of damage to soil, standing trees and advance growth in the course
of logging process fall to the operation of skidding-timber transportation
from the stand to main forest road. Environment-friendly skidding operation,
which skyline yarding undoubtedly is, therefore represents an ecologocical
method of timber harvesting. Last but not least, forest soils are not disturbed
by compression and abrasion.


Selection under shelterwood system is now given preference over clearcut
regeneration logging in order to reduce the size of clearcut elements in Czech
forests and to force in finer systems of forest management. Shelterwood system
works with natural regeneration under favourable natural conditions and
the modern design of the forest cableway is used for this purpose in difficult
terrains of all kinds for generally environment-friendly skyline skidding.


Model work procedures including the principles necessary to achieve the
objectives of the forest stand natural regeneration with the use of skyline logging
by several types of LARIX forest cableway systems can be demonstrated
on the example of a long-term successful natural regeneration of beech
stands at the Masaryk Forest Training Forest Enterprise Krtiny, Mendel University
of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, carried out with no damage to the
standing trees or soil.


Key words: environment-friendly forestry, mechanization of logging
and skidding operations, Larix forest cableway systems, soil erosion control.


1. INTRODUCTION
There arc 3 objective reasons in the Czech Republic 2. There arc about 90 forest cableways of different tythat
are going to accelerate the development of cable-pes known to be in operation at the present time and
way skidding technologies. The reasons are as follows: most of them are of obsolete design. Modern cable


ways of domestic production (type LARIX) gradu


1.
In 2000, the fellings of rough timber first got over
ally begin to win the local market since 1996.
15 mil. m3 but the volume of timber skidded by cableways
did not exceed 300 thousand m3. The latter 3. The changing conditions of forest management put
is only 2 % of the total with the terrains of gradients an ever greater emphasis on forest-friendly (mild)
over 40 % and terrains with unsuitable carrying calogging
technologies and there is no doubt that the
pacity for tractors (peatlands) representing at least cableway timber skidding is one of the mildest met10
% of the total forest area. hods.


The changing conditions of Czech forests include


* Premysl Horek, Pavel Maucr, Lubomir Novak
the shrinking size of clear-felling elements, advocation
Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno


of milder and more forest-friendly methods of mana


Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest at Krtiny
C´Z 679 05 Krtiny 175, Czech Republic gement, i.e. that the shelterwood selection is winning