DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 220 <-- 220 --> PDF |
I. Tikvić. D. Puntane, Ž. Zečić. D. Ugarković. Z. Seletković: THE IMPACT OF MONTANE FOREST , Šumarski list SUPLEMENT (2005). 202-218 third of the total land area of Croatia. It is necessary to physical, chemical and biological water features shouregister, map and protect significant water resources in Id be established within the state network (M i 1 k o v i ć these forests. Following this, organized monitoring of etal. 2003). Water quality protection measures The primary goal in planning water quality protection is to preserve the still clear waters (preserve the existing water quality) in springs, upper river courses in montane areas, and in underground waters (NN 107/95). The main purpose of these measures is to prevent or reduce the risk of pollution to springs or water pumps. The most important criterion in determining the boundaries of protected areas is the rate of pollution spread in the aquifer towards the water pump. Protective zones within passive protection programs prevent only bacteriological and conventional forms of pollution of drinking water (easily dissolved organic matter, ammonia, nitrites, etc.), but do not affect pollution with undissolved or hardly dissolved substances (nitrates, pesticides, organic dissolvents and heavy metals). Since forests are capable of absorbing heavy metals, especially in acid soils or soils with low organic matter contents, it is vitally important to retain them permanently around the sources in the capacity of natural water filters. The spatial plan program of the Republic of Croatia (NN 50/99) envisages sustainable management with water and water supply systems and places particular emphasis on the protection of source zones with the aim of preserving the current water quality. Such preservation refers to natural water protection, especially in source zones where forests may play a decisive role. CONCLUSIONS 1. Water from the watercourses in the area of Papuk was in the first quality category in terms of physical- chemical, microbiological and biological indicators, and in the second quality category in terms of nutrient content, with the exception of the river Orljava, whose water was in the III category. The detected harmful substances included cyanides and mineral oils in the quantities prescribed for the II water category. 2. Water from the watercourses in the area of Plitvice was also in the first category in terms of physical- chemical, microbiological and biological indicators, and in the second quality category in terms of oxygen regime and nutrient content. Water from the watercourses in the Plitvice Lakes National Park was of high quality. Harmful substances included cyanides in quantities prescribed for the first and second water category. 3. According to the majority of indicators, water quality in the watercourses from Velebit was in the first category. Harmful substances in the area of Velebit also included cyanides in quantities prescribed for the first and second water category. According to all the measured indicators, waters in the area of Velebit were of the best quality. 4. Water in the watercourses of different forest ecosystems was found to be of better quality. Watercourses outside forests had higher concentrations of aerobic bacteria, total oils and aluminum in comparison with watercourses in forest ecosystems. No significant differences were found by comparing the quality of water in commercial forests with that in protected areas. The only difference was the higher cyanide concentrations found in the watercourses in commercial forests. It can be concluded that forest management does not have an unfavourable effect on the quality of water in watercourses. Water quality in the study area is satisfactory. It is much better than the quality of water outside forests. Some major deviations in individual water quality indicators (nutritive matter and microbiological indicators) were found around larger urban centers and in agricultural areas (the river Orljava), and slightly less in the lake area of the Plitvice Lakes National Park, which is attributed to the impacts of intensive tourism. Despite the high water quality of the watercourses in forest ecosystems, watercourses in the majority of the locations had higher cyanide values for the second category, which is the consequence of intensive air pollution. This also means that clear and clean water in the watercourses of montane forest ecosystems is not completely clean and suitable for drinking. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We would like to thank the employees of the Plitvi as the Institute of Public Health of the City of Zagreb ce Lakes National Park, the Forest Administration for their invaluable help in sampling and analyzing waPožega and the Forest Administration Gospić, as well ter samples. |