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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 13/2005 str. 119 <-- 119 --> PDF |
PRESENTATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM Šumarski list - SUPLEMENT (2005). 110-119 BIOLOGICAL EROSION CONTROL IN THE WESTERN PART OF CROATIA Joso GRAČAN, Sanja PERIĆ, Mladen IVANKOVIĆ, Hrvoje MARJANOVTĆ´ SUMMARY: The paper presents research results of biological erosion control at the source of the river Una (Forest Administration Gospić, Forest Office Gračac) and in Istria (Forest Administration Buzet, Forest Office Labin). Research was initiated in 1972 and conducted by the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb (Department of Forest Genetics and Dendrology) and the former Yugoslav Conifer Institute, Jastrebarsko (Department of Forest Tree Improvement). Research was financed by Karlovac Water Management Company and Rijeka Water Management Company and co-financed by the General Forestry Association of Croatia and the Republican Scientific Fund, Zagreb. Field experiments established in the spring covered an area of about 1.5 ha (Istria), while those established in the autumn (Lika) took up about 1 h. The experiments involved transplants of Austrian pine and hybrids of Austrian and Japanese red pine. The first research results were published when the plants reached 15 years of age (Lika) and 5 years of age (Istria). The average survival percentage in the field experiment in Lika was 59 % and the average height was 2.03 m. In Istria, the average survival percentage was 80.40% and the average height was 16.6 cm at the age of 5. As a rule, hybrids attained lower heights and survival percentages. Key words: Pinus nigra, P. densiflora, hybrids, erosion, biological control INTRODUCTION The erosion area at the source of the river Una exCentral Istria. Apart from the soil, erosion also affects tends over about 170 km2 and is among the most serithe lithological substrate (Komi eno vie etal. 1983). ously threatened in Croatia. Soil erosion control in the Soil protection against erosion and torrents has exceparea began in 1957 with the erection of civil engineetional economic, ecological and social importance in ring facilities. However, it soon became clear that the karst areas (Topic 2003). soil could not be protected against erosion with techni The paper presents research results of soil protec cal measures only, and that biological soil protection tion against erosion within the project "Biological ero was also required (Vidaković etal. 1986, Gračan sion control in Lika and Istria". The project was jointly et al. 1991, I v a n č e v i ć et al. 2003). This area con undertaken by the former Conifer Institute Jastrebar tains all erosion phenomena: surface, furrow and ditch sko (Department of Forest Tree Improvement) and the erosion (Radu 1 ovi ć 1972). According to Topic Faculty of Forestry, Zagreb (Department of Forest Ge (1997), the problem of karst and its afforestation has netics and Dendrology). Research was financed by the been treated by a number of Croatian authors. A cha Republican Scientific Fund (later the Ministry of racteristic example of flysch erosion, which is genera Science) and the Karlovac and Rijeka Water Manage lly not very common on flysch in Croatia, is found in ment Companies and co-financed by the General Fo the area of the rivers Botonega and Boljunšćica in restry Association (later Croatian Forests). The project involved both biological and technical-biological re Joso Gračan, Sanja Perić, Mladen Ivanković, Hrvoje Marjanović search in soil protection against erosion and runoff. Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia Regrettably, the water management companies men tioned above have not even started the research yet. |