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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/2001 str. 58     <-- 58 -->        PDF

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vatskoj. Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu


SUMMARY: Ecological conditions of spatial distribution of the pedunculate
oak (Quercus robur L.) in Croatia are discussed in this paper. Pedunculate
oak in Croatia is the main tree species in two forest communities: Genisto
elatae - Quercetum roboris Ht. 1938 and Carpino betuli - Quercetum roboris
(Anić 1959) emend. Rauš 1969. In the first community which resides on
flood-plains, the presence of pedunculate oak, as well as the majority of other
species, is conditioned by additional moistening by groundwater and flood,


i.e. its distribution is not climatogenic. The second community is floristically
similar to the climatogenic community of the sessile oak and common hornbeam
(Tipimedio-Carpinetum betuli (Ht. 1938) Bo rh idi 1963). Although the
other species o/ Carpino betuli - Quercetum roboris community are not influenced
by groundwater due to the shallower rooting, the presence of pedunculate
oak, as a species which can develop deep rooting system, is often (but not
allways) conditioned by additional moistening by groundwater in this community
too. This is especially evident on lighter soils with unfavourable hydropedological
characteristic (low capillary rise and available soil water capacity).
Besides, areas under Carpino betuli - Quercetum roboris community and
Epimedio - Carpinetum betuli community have similar macroclimate, but they
differ geomorphologically - the first community avoides sloped terrain which
indirectly implies moister habitats. It can be generally concluded that pedunculate
oak in Croatia is distributed out of additionally moistened areas (by
groundwater and/or floods) only when hydropedological and/or geomorphological
conditions are favorable.
Knowing environmental factors which control presence and growth of the
pedunculated oak on the specific site is important for the forest management
and also for designing of the hydro-technical measures based on principles of
sustainable development. Consequently, the future research has to be undertaken
to enable detailed understanding of interactions beween environmental
factors (e.g. hydrological and hydropedological characteristics, evaporation,
transpiration, precipitation) which together result in the presence of pedunculate
oak on the specific site, including the problem of intraspecies (ecological
races of pedunculate oak) and interspecies (toward the sessile oak) genetic
variability.


Keywords : pedunculate oak, vegetation climax, macroclimate, groundwater,
rooting, hydropedological characteristics, terrain slope, sessile oak.