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ŠUMARSKI LIST 5-6/1997 str. 79     <-- 79 -->        PDF

P. Đurasović: UNOŠENJE EGZOTIČNOG DRVEĆA I GRMLJA NA DUBROVAČKO PODRUČJE Šumarski list br. 5-6, CXXI ( 1997), 277-289
Rauš, Đ., Đurasović, P., (1986): Specijalni rezer- Vidaković,M., (1993): Četinjače morfologija i vari


vat šumske vegetacije - Otok Lokrum, Glasnik jabilnost, 2. izdanje G.Z.H. Zagreb,
za šumske pokuse Posebno izd. 2, Sveučilište u Visiani , R., (1863): Sulla vegetazione e sul clima
Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, Zagreb. del´isola di Lacroma. Stab. Libr. Tip. Lit. Music.


Ugrenović,A. , (1953): Trsteno, Izd. JAZU, Zagreb. e Belle Arti di COEN, Trieste.


SUMMARY: No reliable data are available about the introduction of foreign
trees and bushes into the Dubrovnik area in the period between the foundation
of the city in 7th century until the early 15th century. The first written
document on the introduction of woody exotic plants date from 1440, when
Philip de Diversis in his "Description of Dubrovnik" mentions oranges (Citrus
sinensis L./Pers.) and laurels (Laurus nobilis L.), in the small cloister park
within St. Francis monastery in Dubrovnik: "In the middle of the cloister, in a
small garden with laurels and oranges, grow vegetables". At the end of 15th
century, in the year 1494, a Milan nobleman and clerk Pietro Casola, stopping
in Dubrovnik on his way to Jerusalem, praised the beauty of the Dubrovnik
parks where he saw oranges and laurels.


The old Gučetić park in Trsteno, today the Arboretum of the Croatian
Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, was established in 15th century (earliest
records dating December 10, 1494), plays a significant role in the introduction
and acclimatization of exotic trees and bushes in the Dubrovnik area,
Croatia and this part of Europe.


In 1515, the parish priest Don Luka Diodati Božidarović recorded that
orange trees were planted near the parish church in Trsteno. In 1530, a
Venetian Benedetto Ramberti described Gruž in his travels as a place with
parks füll of sweet oranges, lemons (Citrus limon L./Burm.), cedars (Cedrus
sp.) and fruit-trees of most different species.


In the 16th century, a Benedictine monk Mavro Vetranović from Dubrovnik
sent oleanders (Nerium oleander L.) and cypresses (Cupressus sp.) to the noblemen
Petar Hektorovicfor his castle and park Tvrdalj.


The island of Lokrum has also been a distinguished location of the introduced
and adapted woody exotic plants, especially since the middle of the 19th
century, when Maximilian Habsburg bought the island in 1859, establishing a
park where exotic trees and bushes were introduced from the distant countries
of the south: Brazil, Canary islands, India and China.


Now, in the late 20th century, the enthusiasm for bringing exotic trees and
bushes to the Dubrovnik area has been supported by the Croatian Academy
Arboretum, established in Trsteno in 1948, and the Botanical gardens of the
Island of Lokrum, established in 1960. In 1991 and the following year, Serbs
and Montenegrians supported by the Yugoslav army committed an unprecedented
crime by destroying the natural environment of the Dubrovnik area,
throwing phosphoric bombs from the air, and incendiary bombs from the war
vessels and land, devastating forests and parks, olive-trees and vineyards,
fields and other precious vegetation. Arboretum vanished in a disastrous fire.
More than 80% of its vegetation is lost, with more than 10 thousand forest
trees, nurseries with over 20 thousand seedlings of exotic trees and bushes,
and more than 200 woody exotic species. Though shelled many times, the
Island of Lokrum did not catch fire.


By the end of 1994, the new status of the exotic trees and bushes was estimated
at 600 species, and in the Trsteno Arboretum about 300.