DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/1970 str. 21 <-- 21 --> PDF |
S a f a r o v, I. C: Eljdarskaja sosna (Pinus eldarica Medw.), biologičesko-ekologi českaja osobenost, Izvestija visših učebnih zavedenu, Arhangelsk, 1965. S e 1 i k, M.: Pinus brutia in der Türkei, Forstwiss. Cntrblatt, 1959. Simunović , M.: Melioracija degradirane makije resurekcijom i sjetvom alep skog bora nakon priprema tla požarom, Šumarstvo, 1956. S 1 i e p č e v i ć, A.: Klima otoka Raba, Hidrometeorološki zavod, NRH, Zagreb, 1960. Šafar , I : Problemi proizvodnosti kultura u submediteranskoj zoni, Šum. list. 1962. Š a f a r, J.: Problemi proizvodnosti panjača u eumediteranskoj zoni, Šum. list, 1962. Šafar , J.: Problem morfoloških, ekoloških i ekonomskih karakteristika brucij skog bora, Bilten Posl. udruž. šum.-privr. organizacija, Zagreb, 1964. Šafar , J.: Dendrološke karakteristike brucijsikog bora, Hortikultura, Split, 1968. Šafar , J.: Aktualnost i problemi pošumljivanja primorskog krša, Šum. list, 1968. T k a 1 č i ć, B., Šafar, J. i M a r i č i č, R.: O ekonomičnosti turističkih šuma na jadranskom području, Šum list, 1965. Tscherm a k, Waldbau, Wien, 1950. Walter, H.-Lieth, H.: Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Jena, 1964. BRUTIAN PINE (Pinus brutia Ten.) ECOLOGIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERS Summary In Yugoslavia, Brutian Pine was spread artificially, mainly in the northern part of the Adriatic region (peninsula of Istria, Kvarner islands) where about 40 major stands aged 20—70 years are found, and as many smaller and younger ones. Ecological characters. In the Eumediterranean region and in the warmer part of the sub-Mediterranean region Brutian Pine is a heat tolerant, drought-resistant and windfirm species. It is adaptable to almost all soil types, tolerates soils poor in mineral nutrients and drier soils if not continuously shallow; its abundant needle litter improves the soil. On sites above 350 (400) m the cultivation and productivity of this Pine species are problematic especially on more exposed slopes and poorer soils. It thrives in semiarid and semihumid climates. In the Eumediterranean region and in the warmer part of the sub-Mediterranean region it is very adaptable to the influences of temperature extremes. Extremely high temperatures are not critical, but extremely low ones are. However, the vitality of Brutian Pine in Istria does not decrease significanthy under shorttime temperatures up to about —21° C if other ecological factors favour it. In the border belt between Carpinetum orientalis and Seslerio-jOstryetum its development is good on better soils and on sunny and more sheltered sites. On higher and more exposed sites, because of winter cold and frosts, Brutian Pine exhibits poor vitality. The amount of rainfall does not represent a critical factor. Nor are critical the winds in the Eumediterranean and lower sub-Mediterranean zones, nor the salinity of the air except the sites which are much exposed to strong northerly winds called »bura«. According to its ecological requirements Brutian Pine is somewhere between Aleppo Pine and Austrian Pine. Regeneration and development. On better sites natural regeneration is good if the canopy of the mother stand is more strongly opened, and especially if dead organic matter and low growth are burnt. The young reproduction tolerates a diffuse shading but at the age of grown-up reproduction, and, especially at the sapling stage, the canopy should be opened. According to these observations in mixed stands Brutian Pine tolerates shading better than Aleppo Pine but less well than Austrian Pine. In the more grown-up stands most rational is the group system of regeneration, i. e. the ever increasing heavy thinnings, the establishment of new reproduction in groups which are intentionally enlarged and integrated. In mixed stands with Aleppo Pine, Brutian Pine is somewhat more vigorous in competition especially in the sub-Mediterranean area. In mixed stands with Austrian Pine Brutian Pine, thanks to its higher growth rate and widerspreading crown, generally supresses Austrian Pine in all altitudinal zones from the sea to the upper limit of Carpinetum orientalis. The better the site the more subdominant the position of Austrian Pine. |