DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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ŠUMARSKI LIST 1-2/1966 str. 78     <-- 78 -->        PDF

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL FOREST POPULATIONS
IN POLAND


(Contributed paper)
by


STEFAN BIALOBOK


Institute of Dendrology and Körnik Arboretum, Polish Academy of Science, Poland.


The rapid decline of the area of natural forests communities and of stands
regenerated from local, indigenous seed results in a gradual impoverishment
of the gene pools of natural tree races. For these reasons, and in order to
utilize them for various economic and scientific purposes, natural forest populations
in Poland are being given considerable attention for several years.
Conservation schemes were started many years ago, they are constantly
expanded and presently there is intensive acitivity in this field in view of the
rapid changes that are taking place in nature as a result of man´s activity.
The protection of indigenous forest populations is being accomplished through
the establishment of: 1) National Parks, 2) Forest reserves, for the protection
of a) forest types and forest communities, b) trees at the limits of their
distributions and c) species under protection and disappearing. 3) Seed Stands
and 4) individual Plus Trees.


Since populations of forest trees in Poland are admired also by foresters
from many foreign countries, in particular this refers to the Polish larch, to
the spruce from Bialowieza and Istebna and to pine from north-east Poland,
the protection of our natural forest populations is of international interest as
well as being necessary for Polish forestry.


NATIONAL PARKS


National Parks in Poland, which cover from a few thousand to about
twenty thousand hectars each, include a larger number of natural plant
associations typical for the given physiographic region. Within these parks are
also included considerable areas of the remnants of natural tree populations,
rare species of trees and shrubs, natural outliers of trees and also individual
plus trees.


The National Parks in Poland can be classified into three groups on the
basis of the method in which they are being managed:


1. NATIONAL PARKS WHICH ARE STRICT NATURE RESERVES AND
WHERE NO EXPLOITATION OF (WOOD, FRUIT, SEED ETC.) ANY KIND
IS PERMITTED.
Regeneration in these parks is natural only, and even fallen trees are not
being removed. To this group of parks belongs the Bialovieza National Park