DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 11-12/1962 str. 36 <-- 36 --> PDF |
glavne etaže sastojine. Pomoćni dio sastojine tvorila bi stabla kojima je osnovna funkcija zaštita tla i zasjenjivanje deblovine. Ona su izlučena u podstojn u etaž u iz etaža proizvodnog dijela sastojine. Biološki nisu više sposobna da zauzmu položaje gornjih etaža, a produkciona im je sposobnost neznatna. Od naših autohtonih vrsta drveća u biološkom pogledu jedino jelu ne bismo mogli svrstati u pomoćni dio sastojine jer ona, ma koliko dugo bila zastarčena, ako dobije dovoljno svijetla može zauzeti položaje gornjih etaža. S obzirom na gospodarski faktor (proizvodni) ona može u danom momentu formirati pomoći dio sastojine, tj. podstojnu etažu. Kod prorjeđivanja bi se sva pažnja poklanjala proizvodnom dijelu sastojine i to dominantnoj etaži i stablima — jedne ili više vrsta drveća koja čine tu etažu — koja po svojem vanjskom izgledu obećaju maksimalnu produkciju. Na taj način možemo u određenom razvojnom stadiju mješovitih sastojina sigurno povećati proizvodnju kako su to kod nas pokazala istraživanja. Moramo biti na čistu da se u gospodarskim prirodnim sastojinama trebamo odreći krutih formi njege, da moramo biti dobri biolozi i ekonomisti ako želimo podići proizvodnju u šumarstvu te pokazati i dokazati da sastojine ne treba prepustiti samo spontanoj proizvodnji već ih promatrati kao goleme tvornice gdje se usmjeruje proizvodnja drvne mase. Za ekonomičan proces proizvodnje potrebni su vrsni stručnjaci — inženjeri i tehničari — koji će direktno rukovoditi tim procesom, a ne prepustiti tako osjetljivu i delikatnu proizvodnju nekvalificiranom i biološki neškolovanom kadru. SUMMARY The author discusses the importance cf the knowledge of the biologic and economic treatment of stands. He recommends the method of heavy encroachment only after a maximum natural thinning (selection) of trees in the stand and after achieving a certain length of clear-boled stem, which is applicable to natural pure and group-mixture stands ot the more remote hilly and mountaineous areas. For pure stands especially in tree species of relatively quick growth, he recommends the method of rare and intensive encroachments of the stand. For such methods of treatment of stands the author has devised a flexible and easily applicable biologic-economic classification of trees in th e stand . According to this classification one is to distinguish trees of the productive and auxiliar y parts of the stand which are being ´distinctly formed after the maximum height increment of trees. The productive part of the stand would then be composd of a main (dominant) and a secondary storey, with the main storey consisting of the highest trees being the main bearers of wood production in the stand. Accordingly the secondary storey would consist of trees pushed out of the main storey which still manifestly participate in the wood production, and which — with respect to their biological properties — are able to replace in a given situation (various inclemencies) the trees of the main storey. The auxiliary part of the stand is formed of trees whose basic function is protection of soil and shading of the bole of best trees. They are pushed bacik into the understore y from storeys of the productive part of the stand. Biologically they are no more capable of occupaying the positions of upper storeys and their productive capacity is insignificant. Among the autochthonous tree species from the biological standpoint only the Fir should not be classified into the auxiliary part of stand because — even after being arrested for however long in its growth, if getting sufficient light — it can occupy an upper-storey position. With respect to the economic (productive) factor it can form in a given situation the auxiliary part of stand, i. e. the understorey. In thinning operations every attention should be paid to the productive part of the stand viz. to the main storey and to those stems — of one or several tree species constituting this storey — which as to their outer appearance vouch for maximum production. 402 |