DIGITALNA ARHIVA ŠUMARSKOG LISTA
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| ŠUMARSKI LIST 3-4/1958 str. 22 <-- 22 --> PDF |
LITERATURA: "i.:A;n´ić M.: Pogledi na šumsku vegetaciju Istre i susjednih zemalja, Zagreb, 1945., Ol str. 13—23. J2...Depoli G.: La provincia del Carnaro, saggio geografico, Fiume, 1928. .3, Ca l da r t F.: L´Abete greco,. L´Alpe, Firence, 1934., str. 288—295. 4,´Mer´endi A.: La difesa vegetale, Firenze, 1936. 5. Passavall i P.: Gli Abeti mediterranei, L´Alpe, Firenze, 1934., str. 282—287. 6. Patak y Lj.: Prilog proučavanju bosanskih šikara, Sarajevo 1953. 7, P a var i A.: L´Abete di Douglas o Douglasia o abete đ´America, L´Alpe, Firenze, 1934., str. 304—314. ´ ´ SUMMARY .´-.;_-:. In giving a short review of the geological, climatic and forest-vegetation characters of the coastal territory of the Kvarner region the author establishes that the existing forests in the whole zone of the deciduous littoral forests of this region find themselves in various stages of degradation. The main silvicultural system here today is represented by coppice forests derived genetically from once devastated coppices mainly with standards of Pubescent Oak. A considerable area is occupied by scrub woods. For the degradation are responsible harmul actions of both man and animals mostly of sheep. Rentability of these forests is low, their protective function as regards the soil restrained, and their water conservation effect relatively small. The needs of the population for vine props conditioned the selection form of management. Fellings were carried out in an irregural manner. The standards were largely cut down. Through further action of the anthropo-ecological factors and a permanent grazing also the canopy of the underwood was thinned. The life conditions changed essentially. There prevailed the biologically stronger and more resistant species. Disarrangement of the equilibrium of physico-biological forces had a negative influence on the phyto- and pedoclimate. Hence in this zone we encounter three main silvicultural forms: a) coppice forest (here and there in the form of scrubwood), b) coppice with reserves, c) coppice with a long rotation. There remains also today an open question how to manage rationally and to improve such forests. The experiments which are being carried out to this purpose by the Institute of Forest and Wildlife Management Research of the PR of Croatia are still in its initial stage. The author considers that the protection of the soil and water regime represents the base for the improvement of timber production and management of those coppice forests. The existing condition of soil represents the starting point for all silvicultural and amelioratve measures. Without soil amelioration there can be no improvement of the production of the standing crop. The improvement of the production of standing crop and of management can be performed in various ways: by increasing the present rotation of 10—12 years fo about 20 years, conversion (by natural or artificial way) of coppice forests into coppice forests with reserves or with standards as well as by a total conversion of coppice forests into coniferous plantations. The natural conversion of coppice forests into the coppice forest with reserves can be considered only in well-preserved and well-stocked (from 0.6 and more) coppice forest and scrubwoods which, besides, possess also a favourable composition and considerable sprouting power of wood elements. For reserved trees only the best shootings of more valuable species can be taken. These should be reserved for the whole of 2—3 rotations of the coppice forest (underwood). As a rule the selection felling should be performed at ground level. In order to increase the stand density one should apply layers, cutting back also the poorer shootings, wounding roots etc. The improvement of density of forest vegetation would result in a progressive development of soil and make possible a natural regeneration with seeds from reserved trees and thus also a transition towards the system of coppice with standards. Where possible, it is better to transform the coppice forest directly into the coppice with standards. Prohibition of any grazing on felling areas during a certain time is a prerequisite for successful improvement. More degraded and thinly stocked forests can be converted into coppice forests with> standards only by introduction of suitable native and foreign conifers and |